Quantum Networks and Multi-Particle Entanglement

Briegel, H.-J.; Enk, S. J. van; Cirac, J. I.; Zoller, P.; Bouwmeeester, D.; Pan, Jun; Daniell, Matthew; Weinfurter, Harald; Zeilinger, Anton; Vedral, Vlatko; Plenio, Martin B.; Knight, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04209-0_6

Cited by 8 publications

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“…In particular, scalable quantum networks require capabilities to create, store, and distribute entanglement among distant matter nodes via photonic channels [3]. Atomic ensembles can play the role of such nodes [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%. Improvements of single-photon sources [11] together with our protocol will enable "on-demand" entanglement of atomic ensembles, a powerful resource for quantum networking.In the quest to achieve quantum networks over long distances [3], an area of considerable activity has been the interaction of light with atomic ensembles comprised of a large collection of identical atoms [4,12,13]. In the regime of continuous variables, a particularly notable advance has been the teleportation of quantum states between light and matter [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the quest to achieve quantum networks over long distances [3], an area of considerable activity has been the interaction of light with atomic ensembles comprised of a large collection of identical atoms [4,12,13]. In the regime of continuous variables, a particularly notable advance has been the teleportation of quantum states between light and matter [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Choi

Deng

Laurat

et al. 2008

Nature

530

545

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Recent developments of quantum information science [1] critically rely on entanglement, an intriguing aspect of quantum mechanics where parts of a composite system can exhibit correlations stronger than any classical counterpart [2]. In particular, scalable quantum networks require capabilities to create, store, and distribute entanglement among distant matter nodes via photonic channels [3]. Atomic ensembles can play the role of such nodes [4]. So far, in the photon counting regime, heralded entanglement between atomic ensembles has been successfully demonstrated via probabilistic protocols [5,6]. However, an inherent drawback of this approach is the compromise between the amount of entanglement and its preparation probability, leading intrinsically to low count rate for high entanglement. Here we report a protocol where entanglement between two atomic ensembles is created by coherent mapping of an entangled state of light. By splitting a single-photon [7,8,9] and subsequent state transfer, we separate the generation of entanglement and its storage [10]. After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%. Improvements of single-photon sources [11] together with our protocol will enable "on-demand" entanglement of atomic ensembles, a powerful resource for quantum networking.In the quest to achieve quantum networks over long distances [3], an area of considerable activity has been the interaction of light with atomic ensembles comprised of a large collection of identical atoms [4,12,13]. In the regime of continuous variables, a particularly notable advance has been the teleportation of quantum states between light and matter [14]. For discrete variables with photons taken one by one, important achievements include the efficient mapping of collective atomic excitations to single photons [15,16,17,18,19], the realization of entanglement between a pair of distant ensembles [5,20] In all these cases, progress has relied upon probabilistic schemes following the measurement-induced approach developed in the seminal paper by Duan, Lukin, Cirac and Zoller [4] (DLCZ ) and subsequent extensions. For the DLCZ protocol, heralded entanglement is generated by detecting a single photon emitted indistinguishably by one of two ensembles. Intrinsically, the probability p to prepare entanglement with only 1 excitation shared between two ensembles is related to the quality of entanglement, since the likelihood for contamination of the entangled state by processes involving 2 excitations scales as p [20], and results in low success probability for each trial. Although the degree of stored entanglement can approach unity for the (rare) successful trials [20], the condition p ≪ 1 dictates reductions in count rate and compromises in the quality of the resulting entangled state (e.g., as p → 0, processes such as stray light scattering and detector dark counts become increasingly important). Furthermore, for finite memory time, subsequent connection of entanglement become...

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Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Choi

Deng

Laurat

et al. 2008

Nature

530

545

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“…Moreover, the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent atom-cavity interactions dominate dissipation, offers a unique setting for the study of open quantum systems [5]. Dynamical processes enabled by strong coupling in cavity QED provide powerful tools in the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS), including for the realization of quantum computation [6] and distributed quantum networks [7].With these prospects in mind, experiments in cavity QED have made great strides in trapping single atoms in the regime of strong coupling [4,[8][9][10]. However, many protocols in QIS require multiple atoms to be trapped within the same cavity, with ''quantum wiring'' between internal states of the various atoms accomplished by way of strong coupling to the cavity field [6,[11][12][13].…”

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Determination of the Number of Atoms Trapped in an Optical Cavity

et al. 2004

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The number of atoms trapped within the mode of an optical cavity is determined in real time by monitoring the transmission of a weak probe beam. Continuous observation of atom number is accomplished in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and functions in concert with a cooling scheme for radial atomic motion. The probe transmission exhibits sudden steps from one plateau to the next in response to the time evolution of the intracavity atom number, from N 3 to N 2 ! 1 ! 0 atoms, with some trapping events lasting over 1 s. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.143601 PACS numbers: 42.50.Pq, 03.67.-a, 32.80.Pj Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a setting in which atoms interact predominantly with light in a single mode of an electromagnetic resonator [1,2]. Not only can the light from this mode be collected with high efficiency [3], but the associated rate of optical information for determining atomic position can greatly exceed the rate of free-space fluorescent decay employed for conventional imaging [4]. Moreover, the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent atom-cavity interactions dominate dissipation, offers a unique setting for the study of open quantum systems [5]. Dynamical processes enabled by strong coupling in cavity QED provide powerful tools in the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS), including for the realization of quantum computation [6] and distributed quantum networks [7].With these prospects in mind, experiments in cavity QED have made great strides in trapping single atoms in the regime of strong coupling [4,[8][9][10]. However, many protocols in QIS require multiple atoms to be trapped within the same cavity, with ''quantum wiring'' between internal states of the various atoms accomplished by way of strong coupling to the cavity field [6,[11][12][13]. Clearly, the experimental ability to determine the number of trapped atoms coupled to a cavity is a critical first step toward the realization of diverse goals in QIS. Experimental efforts to combine ion trap technology with cavity QED are promising [14], but have not yet reached the regime of strong coupling.In this Letter, we report measurements in which the number of atoms trapped inside an optical cavity is observed in real time. After initial loading of the intracavity dipole trap with N 5 atoms, the decay of atom number N 3 ! 2 ! 1 ! 0 is monitored via the transmission of a near-resonant probe beam, with the transmitted light exhibiting a cascade of ''stair steps'' as successive atoms leave the trap. After the probabilistic loading stage, the time required for the determination of a particular atom number N 1; 2; 3 is much shorter than the mean interval over which the N atoms are trapped. Hence, this scheme can be used to prepare a precise number of trapped intracavity atoms for subsequent experiments in QIS, for which the time scales g ÿ1 10 ÿ8 s 3 s ), where is the atomic trapping time [9] and hg is the atom-field interaction energy. In addition, it requires none of the imaging optics or sh...

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Nanophotonic Advances for Room-Temperature Single-Photon Sources

Lukishova

Bissell

2019

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Quantum Networks and Multi-Particle Entanglement

Cited by 8 publications

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Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Determination of the Number of Atoms Trapped in an Optical Cavity

Nanophotonic Advances for Room-Temperature Single-Photon Sources

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