Quantum molecular dynamics simulation of multifragment production in heavy ion collisions at<i>E</i>/<i>A</i>=600 MeV

Begemann-Blaich, M.; Müller, W. F. J.; Aichelin, Joerg; Adloff, J.C.; Bouissou, P.; Hubele, J.; Immé, G.; Iori, I.; Kreutz, P.; Kunde, G. J.; Leray, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Liu, Z.; Lynen, U.; Meijer, R.J.; Milkau, Udo; Moroni, A.; Ngô, Christian; Ogilvie, C. A.; Pochodzalla, J.; Raciti, G.; Rudolf, G.; Sann, H.; Schüttauf, A.; Seidel, W.; Stuttgé, L.; Trautmann, W.; Tucholski, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.48.610

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Both are compared with the experimental data as well as with the results obtained with the MST method at t=200 fm/c. As can be seen, the multiplicity distribution obtained with SACA agrees quite well with the data whereas the MST multiplicity distribution fails completely as already observed in [5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Up to now, dynamical models like the Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach (QMD) [4] have not succeeded in describing the data. They underestimate by far the multiplicity of IMF's [5] and have therefore not been considered as reliable despite their success to describe multifragmentation data at low beam energies. The reason for this failure remained obscure because it has been verified that for a given excitation energy a single nucleus disintegrates in QMD simulations into the same number of fragments as in standard statistical models [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multifragmentation of spectator matter

et al. 1997

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We present the first microscopic calculation of the spectator fragmentation observed in heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies which reproduces the slope of the kinetic energy spectra of the fragments as well as their multiplicity, both measured by the ALADIN collaboration. In the past both have been explained in thermal models, however with vastly different assumptions about the excitation energy and the density of the system. We show that both observables are dominated by dynamical processes and that the system does not pass a state of thermal equilibrium. These findings question the recent conjecture that in these collisions a phase transition of first order, similar to that between water and vapor, can be observed.Comment: 7 page

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifragmentation of spectator matter

et al. 1997

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“…QMD predicted the emission of several fragments in a single event, qualitatively similar to the experimental observations and at lower energies also quantitatively [51,25,26,52].…”

Section: Fragment Productionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The original QMD has been rewritten by Bohnet et al [51] for the purpose of studying low energy fragmentation data. This program has been dubbed BQMD since it was designed for describing the proper binding of a nucleus in order to describe fragmentation processes [52][53][54][55]. An improvement on the stability against artificial particle evaporation has been achieved in BQMD by a procedure explained below which causes fluctuations of the energy around the mean value by 2 MeV/nucleon.…”

Section: A Bqmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the many-body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective

Hartnack

Puri

Aichelin

et al. 1998

EPJ A

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503

268

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Basic problems of the semiclassical microscopic modelling of strongly interacting systems are discussed within the framework of Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD). This model allows to study the influence of several types of nucleonic interactions on a large variety of observables and phenomena occurring in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies. It is shown that the same predictions can be obtained with several -numerically completely different and independently written -programs as far as the same model parameters are employed and the same basic approximations are made. Many observables are robust against variations of the details of the model assumptions used. Some of the physical results, however, depend also on rather technical parameters like the preparation of the initial configuration in phase space. This crucial problem is connected with the description of the ground state of single nuclei, which differs among the various approaches. An outlook to an improved molecular dynamics scheme for heavy ion collisions is given. 25.75+r

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“…At these energies the whole nucleus disintegrates into fragments. At higher beam energies, where only the weakly excited spectator matter disintegrates into fragments the model in its original version failed [10]. Only recently the reason for this failure has been identified and the model describes now spectator fragmentation as well [11].…”

Section: Multifragmentation As a Dynamical Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifragmentation – what the data tell us about the different models

Nebauer¹,

Aichelin²

2001

Nuclear Physics A

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We discuss what the presently collected data tell us about the mechanism of multifragmentation by comparing the results of two different models, which assume or show an opposite reaction scenario, with the recent high statistics 4π experiments performed by the INDRA collaboration. We find that the statistical multifragmentation model and the dynamical Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach produce almost the same results and agree both quite well with experiment. We discuss which observables may serve to overcome this deadlock on the quest for the reaction mechanism. Finally we proof that even if the system is in equilibrium, the fluctuation of the temperature due to the smallness of the system renders the caloric curve useless for the proof of a first order phase transition.

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Quantum molecular dynamics simulation of multifragment production in heavy ion collisions atE/A=600 MeV

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

The multifragmentation of spectator matter

The multifragmentation of spectator matter

Modelling the many-body dynamics of heavy ion collisions: Present status and future perspective

Multifragmentation – what the data tell us about the different models

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