Quantum Memristors in Frequency-Entangled Optical Fields

Abstract

A quantum memristor is a resistive passive circuit element with memory engineered in a given quantum platform. It can be represented by a quantum system coupled to a dissipative environment, in which a system-bath coupling is mediated through a weak measurement scheme and classical feedback on the system. In quantum photonics, such a device can be designed from a beam splitter with tunable reflectivity, which is modified depending on the results of measurements in one of the outgoing beams. Here, we show that a similar implementation can be achieved with frequencyentangled optical fields and a frequency mixer that, working similarly to a beam splitter, produces state superpositions. We show that the characteristic hysteretic behavior of memristors can be reproduced when analyzing the response of the system with respect to the control, for different experimentally-attainable states. Since memory effects in memristors can be exploited for classical and neuromorphic computation, the results presented in this work provides the first steps of a novel route towards constructing quantum neural networks in quantum photonics.

Tripartite entanglement in quantum memristors

“…quantum memristors (QMs), could become a fundamental component of neuromorphic quantum hardware similar to its classical counterpart. This question has motivated the theoretical proposal of quantum memristors in different platforms, such as in quantum photonics [20,21] and superconducting circuits [22][23][24][25][26], and remarkably, has seen recent experimental realizations [27,28].…”

Polariton-based quantum memristors

“…However, so far particular attention has been mainly given to classical resistive memories (sometimes called "memristive elements") as components of processors with memory 3 . On the other hand, quantum dynamics may offer additional benefits for the realization of new storage and information processing capabilities with applications in quantum information and (neuromorphic) quantum computing [4][5][6][7] .…”

“…In this respect, initial suggestions of quantum memristive elements have ranged from superconducting quantum circuits [4][5][6]8 to quantum photonic devices 9 . In all these cases, the memory mechanism arises from the combination of quantum feedback 4,6 and dissipative effects 9 .…”

All Pinched Hysteresis Loops Generated by (α, β) Elements: in What Coordinates They May be Observable

“…The pinched hysteresis that accompanies the deformations of inelastic materials and the cyclic stress of buildings simulating an earthquake are documented in [16]. Works from the area of organic and inorganic nature model the memory effects in gases [17], in cylindrical protein polymers (microtubules) [18], in nanofluidic [19] and quantum [20] memristors, in synaptic junctions [21], in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectrics [22], in solutions with measuring electrodes [23], in muscle fibers [24], in human skin [25], or in the behavior of plants and primitive organisms [26], [27] with the utilization of the (-1,-1) element, i.e. the memristor.…”