Quantum mechanics and violations of the sure-thing principle: The use of probability interference and other concepts

Khrennikov, Andrei; Haven, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2009.01.007

Cited by 146 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For instance, quantum-like models of judgments have been proposed to account for order effect, i. e. when the answers given to two questions depend on the order of presentation of these questions (Atmanspacher and Römer 2012;Busemeyer and Bruza 2012;Wang and Busemeyer 2013;Wang et al 2014); for the violation of the sure thing principle, which states that if an agent prefers choosing action A-B under a specific state of the world and also prefers choosing A-B in the complementary state, then she should choose A over B regardless of the state of the world (Busemeyer et al 2006a, b;Busemeyer and Wang 2007;Khrennikov and Haven 2009; for Ellsberg's paradox (Ellsberg 1961) more specifically, cf. Aerts et al 2011Aerts et al , 2014Aerts and Sozzo 2013;for Allais' paradox (Allais 1953), cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerts et al 2011Aerts et al , 2014Aerts and Sozzo 2013;for Allais' paradox (Allais 1953), cf. Khrennikov and Haven 2009;Yukalov and Sornette 2010;Aerts et al 2011); for asymmetry judgments in similarity, i.e. that "A is like B" is not equivalent to "B is like A" ; for paradoxical strategies in game theory such as in the prisoner's dilemma (Piotrowski and Stadkowski 2003;Landsburg 2004;Pothos and Busemeyer 2009;Brandenburger 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum-like models cannot account for the conjunction fallacy

2016

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Human agents happen to judge that a conjunction of two terms is more probable than one of the terms, in contradiction with the rules of classical probabilities-this is the conjunction fallacy. One of the most discussed accounts of this fallacy is currently the quantum-like explanation, which relies on models exploiting the mathematics of quantum mechanics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the empirical adequacy of major quantum-like models which represent beliefs with quantum states. We first argue that they can be tested in three different ways, in a question order effect configuration which is different from the traditional conjunction fallacy experiment. We then carry out our proposed experiment, with varied methodologies from experimental economics. The experimental results we get are at odds with the predictions of the quantum-like models. This strongly suggests that this quantum-like account of the conjunction fallacy fails. Future possible research paths are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-like models cannot account for the conjunction fallacy

2016

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“…2009Fichtner et al 2008;Khrennikov and Haven 2009;Cheon and Takahashi 2010). The notion of a quantum-like model was invented (Khrennikov 2003) to distinguish models in which information processing can be formally described by the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) from really quantum physical models-models which are based on physical carriers of information (Penrose 1989(Penrose , 1994Homeroff 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-like interference effect in gene expression: glucose-lactose destructive interference

et al. 2011

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In this note we illustrate on a few examples of cells and proteins behavior that microscopic biological systems can exhibit a complex probabilistic behavior which cannot be described by classical probabilistic dynamics. These examples support authors conjecture that behavior of microscopic biological systems can be described by quantum-like models, i.e., models inspired by quantummechanics. At the same time we do not couple quantum-like behavior with quantum physical processes in bio-systems. We present arguments that such a behavior can be induced by information complexity of even smallest bio-systems, their adaptivity to context changes. Although our examples of the quantum-like behavior are rather simple (lactose-glucose interference in E. coli growth, interference effect for differentiation of tooth stem cell induced by the presence of mesenchymal cell, interference in behavior of PrP C and PrP Sc prions), these examples may stimulate the interest in systems biology to quantum-like models of adaptive dynamics and lead to more complex examples of nonclassical probabilistic behavior in molecular biology.Keywords Quantum-like interference Á Nonclassical probabilistic behavior Á Lactose-glucose interference Á E. coli growth Á Differentiation of tooth stem cell Á Mesenchymal cell Á Interference of PrP C and PrP Sc prions

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“…Additionally, this vector space representation does not obey to the distributive axiom of Boolean logic and to the law of total probability. This enables the construction of more general models that can mathematically explain cognitive phenomena such as conjunction/disjunction errors Franco, 2009) or violations of the Sure Thing Principle (Pothos and Busemeyer, 2009;Khrennikov and Haven, 2009). …”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences

Moreira

Wichert

2015

Neuroquantology

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We propose a new quantum Bayesian Network model in order to compute probabilistic inferences in decisionmaking scenarios. The application of a quantum paradigm to decision making generates interference effects that influence probabilistic inferences. These effects do not exist in a classical setting and constitute a major issue in the decision process, because they generate quantum parameters that highly increase with the amount of uncertainty of the problem. To automatically compute these quantum parameters, we propose a heuristic inspired by Jung's Synchronicity principle. Synchronicity can be defined by a significant coincidence that appears between a mental state and an event occurring in the external world. It is the occurrence of meaningful, but not causally connected events. We tested our quantum Bayesian Network together with the Synchronicity inspired heuristic in empirical experiments related to categorization/decision in which the law of total probability was being violated. Results showed that the proposed quantum model was able to simulate the observed empirical findings from the experiments. We then applied our model to a more general scenario and showed the differences between classical and quantum inferences in a Lung Cancer medical diagnosis Bayesian Network.

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Quantum mechanics and violations of the sure-thing principle: The use of probability interference and other concepts

Cited by 146 publications

References 30 publications

Quantum-like models cannot account for the conjunction fallacy

Quantum-like models cannot account for the conjunction fallacy

Quantum-like interference effect in gene expression: glucose-lactose destructive interference

The Synchronicity Principle Under Quantum Probabilistic Inferences

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