Quantum-mechanical theory of the organic-dye laser

Schaefer, R.; Willis, C. R.

doi:10.1103/physreva.13.1874

Cited by 45 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although the theory has been modified to include possible contributions from triplet states of the dye molecules, 3 ' 4 it does not appear that triplet states alone can adequately account for the observed switching behavior of the laser near threshold. We have suggested 2 that small pumping fluctuations, possibly connected with the flow of the dye or with the ion laser that pumps the dye laser, may be responsible for the observed effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Correlation Functions of a Dye Laser: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

1982

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Experimentally determined intensity correlation functions of a single-mode dye laser are compared with theoretically predicted forms given in a recent paper by Graham, Hohnerbach, and Schenzle. Although good agreement is obtained in some cases for which the parameters are chosen for best fit, large discrepancies appear for other working points of the laser. These results suggest that the dynamical theory of the dye laser needs to be modified.PACS numbers: 42.55.Mv It is well known from several experiments 1 ' 2 that the behavior of a single-mode dye laser in the region of threshold is not well described by the usual single-mode laser theory. Although the theory has been modified to include possible contributions from triplet states of the dye molecules, 3 ' 4 it does not appear that triplet states alone can adequately account for the observed switching behavior of the laser near threshold. We have suggested 2 that small pumping fluctuations, possibly connected with the flow of the dye or with the ion laser that pumps the dye laser, may be responsible for the observed effects. Measurements of the relative intensity fluctuations ((A/) 2 )/^) 2 as a function of

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confidence: 99%

Correlation Functions of a Dye Laser: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

1982

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“…However, |d, ph fluctuates, and the entropy of the whole system is given by S = − |d,ph π |d,ph ln π |d,ph + |d,ph π |d,ph S |d,ph . (31) Writing |d,ph implies summation over all states |d, ph such that the total numbers of dye molecules and excitations are fixed and that the numbers of ground-state dye molecules, excited dye molecules, and photons in different cavity modes are nonnegative and subject to Eqs. (13) and (15)-(17) but otherwise arbitrary.…”

Section: Whole Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every dye molecule is in contact with the solvent, which plays the role of thermostat of temperature T . The typical thermalization time is ∼ 1 ps at room temperature, the temperature in the experiment [1], and is short compared with the typical fluorescence lifetime ∼ 1−10 ns [30][31][32][33][34]. We thus have apparent separation of the time scales corresponding to thermalization and fluorescence, so that photon emission occurs from thermally equilibrated excited states.…”

Section: A Premisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bose-Einstein condensation of light: General theory

Sob’yanin

2013

Phys. Rev. E

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A theory of Bose-Einstein condensation of light in a dye-filled optical microcavity is presented. The theory is based on the hierarchical maximum entropy principle and allows one to investigate the fluctuating behavior of the photon gas in the microcavity for all numbers of photons, dye molecules, and excitations at all temperatures, including the whole critical region. The master equation describing the interaction between photons and dye molecules in the microcavity is derived and the equivalence between the hierarchical maximum entropy principle and the master equation approach is shown. The cases of a fixed mean total photon number and a fixed total excitation number are considered, and a much sharper, nonparabolic onset of a macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensation of light in the latter case is demonstrated. The theory does not use the grand canonical approximation, takes into account the photon polarization degeneracy, and exactly describes the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensation of light. Under certain conditions, it predicts sub-Poissonian statistics of the photon condensate and the polarized photon condensate, and a universal relation takes place between the degrees of second-order coherence for these condensates. In the macroscopic case, there appear a sharp jump in the degrees of second-order coherence, a sharp jump and kink in the reduced standard deviations of the fluctuating numbers of photons in the polarized and whole condensates, and a sharp peak, a cusp, of the Mandel parameter for the whole condensate in the critical region. The possibility of nonclassical light generation in the microcavity with the photon Bose-Einstein condensate is predicted.

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“…The population of the electronic states of dye molecules is quickly thermalized, with the characteristic time ∼1 ps at room temperature (see Refs. [21][22][23][24][25] for details). Since the typical fluorescence lifetime is ∼1−10 ns, the emission of photons occurs from thermally equilibrated excited states.…”

Section: Bose-einstein Condensation Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical maximum entropy principle for generalized superstatistical systems and Bose-Einstein condensation of light

Sob’yanin

2012

Phys. Rev. E

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A principle of hierarchical entropy maximization is proposed for generalized superstatistical systems, which are characterized by the existence of three levels of dynamics. If a generalized superstatistical system comprises a set of superstatistical subsystems, each made up of a set of cells, then the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy should be maximized first for each cell, second for each subsystem, and finally for the whole system. Hierarchical entropy maximization naturally reflects the sufficient time-scale separation between different dynamical levels and allows one to find the distribution of both the intensive parameter and the control parameter for the corresponding superstatistics. The hierarchical maximum entropy principle is applied to fluctuations of the photon Bose-Einstein condensate in a dye microcavity. This principle provides an alternative to the master equation approach recently applied to this problem. The possibility of constructing generalized superstatistics based on a statistics different from the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is pointed out.

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Quantum-mechanical theory of the organic-dye laser

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Correlation Functions of a Dye Laser: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

Correlation Functions of a Dye Laser: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

Bose-Einstein condensation of light: General theory

Hierarchical maximum entropy principle for generalized superstatistical systems and Bose-Einstein condensation of light

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