Quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium

Eisert, Jens; Friesdorf, Mathis; Gogolin, Christian

doi:10.1038/nphys3215

Cited by 1,148 publications

(1,279 citation statements)

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“…This is a consequence of the Floquet theorem 12 , which states that a Hamiltonian periodic in time with period T has eigenstates that are evenly spaced by the drive energy (2π/T ). Floquet-Bloch states have generated a lot of interest recently both for realizing exotic states of matter such as a Floquet Chern insulator 7 , as well as understanding non-equilibrium periodic thermodynamics 13,14 . Experimental observation of these states requires the measurement of the transient electronic band structure of a crystal as it is perturbed by light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator

Mahmood¹,

Chan²,

Alpichshev³

et al. 2016

Nature Phys

309

273

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The coherent optical manipulation of solids is emerging as a promising way to engineer novel quantum states of matter 1-5 . The strong time-periodic potential of intense laser light can be used to generate hybrid photon-electron states. Interaction of light with Bloch states leads to Floquet-Bloch states, which are essential in realizing new photo-induced quantum phases [6][7][8] . Similarly, dressing of free-electron states near the surface of a solid generates Volkov states, which are used to study nonlinear optics in atoms and semiconductors 9 . The interaction of these two dynamic states with each other remains an open experimental problem. Here we use time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (Tr-ARPES) to selectively study the transition between these two states on the surface of the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 . We find that the coupling between the two strongly depends on the electron momentum, providing a route to enhance or inhibit it. Moreover, by controlling the light polarization we can negate Volkov states to generate pure Floquet-Bloch states. This work establishes a systematic path for the coherent manipulation of solids via light-matter interaction.The manipulation of solids using ultrafast optical pulses has opened up a new paradigm in condensed matter physics by allowing the study of emergent physical properties that are otherwise inaccessible in equilibrium 1,2,10 . An important example is provided by the Floquet-Bloch states 11 , which emerge in solids owing to a coherent interaction between Bloch states inside the solid and a periodic driving potential. This is a consequence of the Floquet theorem 12 , which states that a Hamiltonian periodic in time with period T has eigenstates that are evenly spaced by the drive energy (2π/T ). Floquet-Bloch states have generated a lot of interest recently both for realizing exotic states of matter such as a Floquet Chern insulator 7 , as well as understanding non-equilibrium periodic thermodynamics 13,14 . Experimental observation of these states requires the measurement of the transient electronic band structure of a crystal as it is perturbed by light. As has recently been demonstrated 15 in the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 , time-and angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy (Tr-ARPES) is a key tool that can achieve this. Characteristic signatures of Floquet-Bloch states in the Tr-ARPES spectra include replicas of the original band structure that are separated by the driving photon energy 15 .In addition to Floquet-Bloch states, light can also generate other coherent phenomena in solids [16][17][18] . In particular, it can dress freeelectron states near the surface of a solid (Fig. 1a), as the surface can provide the momentum conservation necessary for a photon to interact with a free electron. This dressing was first observed in time-resolved photoemission experiments 17 and has subsequently been referred to as laser-assisted photoemission (LAPE). LAPE is typically understood [19][20][21] by invoking the Volkov solution, which is an e...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator

Mahmood¹,

Chan²,

Alpichshev³

et al. 2016

Nature Phys

309

273

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“…It is relevant for fundamental research into the thermalization of isolated quantum systems [33], localization phenomena, chaos [34,35], or decoherence.…”

Section: The Loschmidt Echomentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation Dynamics in the Spin-1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain after a Quantum Quench of the Uniaxial Anisotropy

2016

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In the framework of the matrix product state representation the effect of a sudden turning on of the uniaxial anisotropy on the time evolution of the Haldane state has been investigated. Depending on the value of the uniaxial anisotropy parameter, the calculations were derived within (or outside) the region where the Haldane gap survives. An exact expression for the time evolution of the Loschmidt echo has been derived and, moreover, its collapse and revival behaviour was captured. In addition, the non-local order parameter of a time evolving state was tracked, revealing two types of relaxations.

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“…[1,2] for reviews). When one of these many-body quantum systems is prepared in a non-equilibrium state |Ψ 0 and it is let evolve with a Hamiltonian H, the time evolved state is (setting = 1) |Ψ(t) = e −iHt |Ψ 0 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems

Calabrese

2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems represent a theoretical and experimental challenge raising many fundamental questions with applications to different fields of modern physics. In these proceedings, we briefly review some of the recent findings on the subject, with particular emphasis to the existence of stationary expectation values of local observables and to their statistical mechanics description. It turns out that the appropriate statistical ensemble describing these asymptotic values depends on whether the Hamiltonian governing the time evolution is integrable or not.

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Quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium

Cited by 1,148 publications

References 136 publications

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator

Relaxation Dynamics in the Spin-1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain after a Quantum Quench of the Uniaxial Anisotropy

Non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems

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