Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles

Abstract

We demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity for a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors. We achieve a factor of 30 improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, translating to a sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude. Using the electronic spins of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as sensors, we leverage the on-site nitrogen nuclear spins of the NV centers as memory qubits, in combination with homogeneous bias and control fields, ensuring that all of the ∼10 9 two-qubit sensors are sufficiently identical to permit global control of the NV ensemble spin states. We find quantum logic sensitivity enhancement for multiple measurement protocols with varying optimal sensing intervals, including XY8 dynamical decoupling and correlation spectroscopy, using a synthetic AC magnetic field. The results are independent of the nature of the target signal and broadly applicable to metrology using NV centers and other solid-state ensembles. This work provides a benchmark for macroscopic ensembles of quantum sensors that employ quantum logic or quantum error correction algorithms for enhanced sensitivity.

Advances in nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy using diamond quantum sensors

“…Apply hyperpolarization methods such as Overhauser DNP, 11 PHIP, 12 dDNP, CIDNP, ... Improved NV read-out for sensitivity enhancement 149 Limited spectral resolution Increased magnetic fields (40.35 T) 10 Ultralow-field NMR in combination with hyperpolarization 150 Novel pulse sequences enabling detection at higher magnetic fields 151 In vivo conditions (medium circulation, cell movement, ...) Microfluidic devices for cell cultures such as cell traps or nano titer arrays 152,153 Sample heating (microwave and laser heating) Improved microwave resonator designs Single cell statistics Magnetic resonance imaging 73,85 allowing the parallel detection of multiple single cells Lab-on-achip Nanomol chemistry, microdroplet screening, organ-on-a-chip, point-of-care testing, drug screening, ...…”

“…Apply hyperpolarization methods such as Overhauser DNP, 11 PHIP, 12 dDNP, CIDNP, ... Improved NV read-out for sensitivity enhancement 149 Limited spectral resolution Increase magnetic fields (40.35 T) 10 Ultralow-field NMR in combination with hyperpolarization 150 Novel pulse sequences enabling detection at higher magnetic fields 151 In vivo conditions (medium circulation, cell movement, ...) Microfluidic devices for cell cultures such as cell traps or nano titer arrays 152,153 Sample heating (microwave and laser heating)…”

Ramsey Envelope Modulation in NV Diamond Magnetometry

“…Both 15 NV hyperfine-split electronic resonances can also be driven simultaneously with the same Rabi nutation rate by tuning the frequency of the applied microwave field to the midpoint of the splitting, enabling more uniform spin control. In addition, the twolevel nuclear spin system simplifies quantum logic protocols that exploit the coupled electron-nuclear system for enhanced sensing [6,7].…”

Advances in nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy using diamond quantum sensors

“…Limited spectral resolutionIncrease magnetic fields (> 0.35 T)10 Ultralow-field NMR in combination with hyperpolarization 150 Novel pulse sequences enabling detection at higher magnetic fields151 In vivo conditions (medium circulation, cell movement, …) Microfluidic devices for cell cultures such as cell traps or nano titer arrays152,153 Sample heating (Microwave & Laser heating)Improved microwave resonator designsSingle cell statisticsMagnetic resonance imaging73,85 allowing the parallel detection of multiple single such as Overhauser DNP 11 , PHIP12 , dDNP, CIDNP, … Improved NV read-out for sensitivity enhancement149 Limited spectral resolution Increase magnetic fields (> 0.35 T)10 Ultralow-field NMR in combination with hyperpolarization 150…”