Quantum Light from a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Disk Resonator

Fürst, Josef; Strekalov, Dmitry; Elser, Dominique; Aiello, Andrea; Andersen, Ulrik L.; Marquardt, Ch.; Leuchs, Gerd

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.113901

Cited by 153 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 1 ] Prominent examples are whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, [ 2 , 3 ] which confi ne photons by means of continuous total internal refl ection along a curved and smooth surface. The long photon lifetime (described by high Q factors), strong fi eld confi nement, and in-plane emission characteristics make them promising candidates for novel light sources [4][5][6][7][8][9] and biochemical sensors with the ability of detecting few or even single nanoparticles. [ 10 , 11 ] The principal disadvantage of circular WGM microcavities is their intrinsic isotropy of emission due to their rotational symmetry.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201201229mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Unidirectional Emission and Ultralow‐Threshold Lasing from On‐Chip Ultrahigh‐Q Microcavities

et al. 2012

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Confi nement and manipulation of photons using microcavities have triggered intense research interest for more than a decade. [ 1 ] Prominent examples are whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, [ 2 , 3 ] which confi ne photons by means of continuous total internal refl ection along a curved and smooth surface. The long photon lifetime (described by high Q factors), strong fi eld confi nement, and in-plane emission characteristics make them promising candidates for novel light sources [4][5][6][7][8][9] and biochemical sensors with the ability of detecting few or even single nanoparticles. [ 10 , 11 ] The principal disadvantage of circular WGM microcavities is their intrinsic isotropy of emission due to their rotational symmetry. In addition to the photonic structures consisting of two or more perfectly spherical microcavities, [ 12 ] one of vital solutions is to use deformed microcavities by breaking the rotational symmetry, [13][14][15][16] which can provide not only the directional emission but also the effi cient and robust excitation of WGMs by a free-space optical beam. [17][18][19][20] Deformed microcavities fabricated on a chip are particularly desired for high-density optoelectronic integration, but they suffer from low Q factors in experiments. The Q factors are typically around or even smaller than ten thousand [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] limited by the large scattering losses from the involuntary surface roughness. The high Q factor is of great importance in fundamental studies and on-chip photonic applications. Here, with a pattern transfer technique and a refl ow process ensuring a nearly atomic-scale microcavity surface, we demonstrate experimentally on-chip undoped silica deformed microcavities which support both nearly unidirectional emission and ultrahigh Q factors exceeding 100 million. Consequently, low-threshold, unidirectional microlasing in such a microcavity with Q factor about 3 million is realized by erbium doping and a convenient free-space excitation.The deformed microcavities are fabricated from a 2-μ mthick layer of silicon dioxide on a silicon wafer. Combining a two-step dry etching process and a laser refl ow process is employed for the fi rst time to transfer patterns and achieve microcavities with designed shapes and ultra-smooth cavity surface. The process details are depicted in Figure 1 a. First, we purposely design the mask patterns with minor modifications from the desired deformed toroidal boundaries R ( ϕ ) by adding an extra 15 μ m in the radius at all polar angles. Through optical lithography followed by buffered HF etching, deformed silica disks are created on the silicon wafer, which inherit the mask patterns well. Subsequently, the resulting silica disks are exposed to XeF 2 gas at 2.7 torr to etch the underneath silicon by about 15 μ m. In this process, the silica disks keep their original shapes and also serve as etching masks for the silicon underneath; consequently a silicon pillar is formed under each disk. Owing to the isotropic dry etching of silicon, ...

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201201229mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Unidirectional Emission and Ultralow‐Threshold Lasing from On‐Chip Ultrahigh‐Q Microcavities

et al. 2012

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“…Many of the sources based on integrated resonators have so far failed to achieve the narrow linewidths compatible with quantum memories because of their relatively modest Q-factors [14,16,[26][27][28][29]. On the other hand, narrow linewidth sources can be achieved by exploiting extremely high Q-factor cavities, however these are fundamentally incompatible with large-scale integration [6,15,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, photonic chips able to realize the logic ports required for quantum computing have been recently demonstrated [11,12]. On the other hand, an intense research activity has been dedicated to implement on chip sources of single and entangled photons [6,7,[13][14][15][16][17]. A detailed review on the genesis and evolution of integrated quantum optics can be found in [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifrequency sources of quantum correlated photon pairs on-chip: a path toward integrated Quantum Frequency Combs

et al. 2016

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Recent developments in quantum photonics have initiated the process of bringing photonic-quantumbased systems out-of-the-lab and into real-world applications. As an example, devices to enable the exchange of a cryptographic key secured by the laws of quantum mechanics are already commercially available. In order to further boost this process, the next step is to transfer the results achieved by means of bulky and expensive setups into miniaturized and affordable devices. Integrated quantum photonics is exactly addressing this issue. In this paper, we briefly review the most recent advancements in the generation of quantum states of light on-chip. In particular, we focus on optical microcavities, as they can offer a solution to the problem of low efficiency that is characteristic of the materials typically used in integrated platforms. In addition, we show that specifically designed microcavities can also offer further advantages, such as compatibility with telecom standards (for exploiting existing fibre networks) and quantum memories (necessary to extend the communication distance), as well as giving a longitudinal multimode character for larger information transfer and processing. This last property (i.e., the increased dimensionality of the photon quantum state) is achieved through the ability to generate multiple photon pairs on a frequency comb, corresponding to the microcavity resonances. Further achievements include the possibility of fully exploiting the polarization degree of freedom, even for integrated devices. These results pave the way for the generation of integrated quantum frequency combs that, in turn, may find important applications toward the realization of a compact quantum-computing platform.

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“…One of the most promising applications of WGM MRs is in the area of optical sensing [2,7,8], where such resonators exhibit a higher sensitivity than their macro-fiber counterparts. WGMs can be supported by a variety of resonator geometries, such as spheres [9], spheroids [10], disks [11], rings [8], and cylinders [12]. The choice of the specific resonator for a given application is typically impacted by three main considerations, such as the maximum achievable Q-factor, simplicity of fabrication, and ease of interconnection [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-induced spectral tuning of the whispering gallery modes in a cylindrical micro-resonator formed by a polymer optical fiber

Kavungal¹,

Mallik²,

Farrell³

et al. 2017

Appl. Opt.

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Quantum Light from a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Disk Resonator

Cited by 153 publications

References 28 publications

Highly Unidirectional Emission and Ultralow‐Threshold Lasing from On‐Chip Ultrahigh‐Q Microcavities

Highly Unidirectional Emission and Ultralow‐Threshold Lasing from On‐Chip Ultrahigh‐Q Microcavities

Multifrequency sources of quantum correlated photon pairs on-chip: a path toward integrated Quantum Frequency Combs

Strain-induced spectral tuning of the whispering gallery modes in a cylindrical micro-resonator formed by a polymer optical fiber

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