Quantum Lego Expansion Pack: Enumerators from Tensor Networks

Abstract

We provide the first tensor-network method for computing quantum weight enumerator polynomials in the most general form. If a quantum code has a known tensor-network construction of its encoding map, our method is far more efficient, and in some cases exponentially faster than the existing approach. As a corollary, it produces decoders and an algorithm that computes the code distance. For non-(Pauli)-stabilizer codes, this constitutes the current best algorithm for computing the code distance. For degenerate stabilizer codes, it can be substantially faster compared to the current methods. We also introduce novel weight enumerators and their applications. In particular, we show that these enumerators can be used to compute logical error rates exactly and thus construct (optimal) decoders for any independent and identically distributed single qubit or qudit error channels. The enumerators also provide a more efficient method for computing nonstabilizerness in quantum many-body states. As the power for these speedups rely on a quantum Lego decomposition of quantum codes, we further provide systematic methods for decomposing quantum codes and graph states into a modular construction for which our technique applies. As a proof of principle, we perform exact analyses of the deformed surface codes, the holographic pentagon code, and the two-dimensional Bacon-Shor code under (biased) Pauli noise and limited instances of coherent error at sizes that are inaccessible by brute force. Published by the American Physical Society 2024