Quantum key distribution with untrusted detectors

González, P.; Rebón, Lorena; Silva, T. Ferreira da; Figueroa, Miguel; Saavedra, C.; Curty, Marcos; Lima, G.; Xavier, G. B.; Nogueira, W. A. T.

doi:10.1103/physreva.92.022337

Cited by 23 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Then with finite-key analysis, we reached a secure distance of 175 km, and the Secret key rate is 3.655 × 10 −7 /pulse. A complete Bell state measurement is performed in the protocol, which means that the protocol bears the same mathematical description and security level with the other SBSM-QKD schemes [26,27]. In this article, we have a comment on those papers.…”

Section: Fig 2 (Color Online) Experimental Schematic Diagram Bs: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, SBSM-QKD may be more secure in some sense, compared to traditional QKD protocols, like BB84. For example, the security of SBSM-QKD can be proved even under the assumption that Eve can decide the output of the BSM device [26]. Thus, as a simple way to implement SBSM-QKD, our proposal is also not a MDI-secure one.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…For alleviating this side effect, there are some alternative schemes proposed recently [26][27][28]. Instead of utilizing the two-photon interference, these schemes utilize a single-photon Bell state measurement setup which avoids the difficulty of two-photon interference and possess the property of high key production of the traditional QKD scheme.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simple implementation of quantum key distribution based on single-photon Bell-state measurement

Liang

Yin

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Recently some alternatives of the measurement device independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) based on the single-photon Bell state measurement (SBSM) have been proposed. Although these alternatives are not precisely as secure as MDI-QKD, they possess the advantage of high key rate of traditional BB84-like protocol and avoid the technical complexity of two-photon interference required in the MDI-QKD. However, the setups of these proposed schemes are rather complicated compared to commonly used BB84 systems. Here we propose a simple implementation of SBSM-based QKD which is directly built on the existing realization of BB84 QKD. Our proposal exhibits the hidden connection between SBSM-based QKD and traditional phase-coding QKD protocols. This finding discloses the physics behind these two different types of QKD protocols. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of our protocol.PACS numbers: 03.67.Dd * yinzheqi@mail.ustc.edu.cn † kooky@mail.ustc.edu.cn 2 Introduction. Quantum key distribution(QKD) is the first quantum technology that comes into real life. It is aimed at sharing unconditionally secure information between two communication parties Alice and Bob even in the presence of a malicious eavesdropper Eve, which is impossible for classical strategy. Since its first proposal in 1984[1], the theoretical analysis and practical implementation of QKD has been universally and deeply studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently some significant improvements on the security of QKD's practical implementation are proposed. For example, all the detector related loop-holes can be removed by the measurement device independent QKD (MDI-QKD) protocol [15,16]. MDI-QKD protocol has attracted worldwide attention and has been widely studied both in theory [17][18][19][20][21][22] and experimental implementations [23][24][25]. And even loop-holes in the state preparation stage for MDI-QKD can be removed in qubit case [20].However, an implementation of MDI-QKD protocol requires the interference of photons from two individual lasers, which is still relatively complicated for present technology and leads to a substantial experimental decrease in the key rate in comparison with the BB84 protocol. For alleviating this side effect, there are some alternative schemes proposed recently [26][27][28]. Instead of utilizing the two-photon interference, these schemes utilize a single-photon Bell state measurement setup which avoids the difficulty of two-photon interference and possess the property of high key production of the traditional QKD scheme. In these schemes (we call them SBSM-QKD for abbreviation, since they are based on single-photon Bell state measurement), Alice first encodes a photon in a two-dimension space, polarization for example. Then Alice sends the photon to Bob who further encodes the photon in another degree of freedom, such as spatial path and time bin. In the end, Bob measures the incoming photon with an untrusted Bell state measurement setup.In all previous implementations ...

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Section: Fig 2 (Color Online) Experimental Schematic Diagram Bs: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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Simple implementation of quantum key distribution based on single-photon Bell-state measurement

Liang

Yin

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Recently a new QKD protocol, designed to bridge the strong security of MDI-QKD with the high efficiency of conventional QKD, was proposed by several groups [48][49][50]. In this protocol, the legitimate receiver employs a trusted linear optics network to encode information on photons received from an insecure quantum channel, and then performs a Bell state measurement (BSM) using untrusted detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trustworthiness of detectors in quantum key distribution with untrusted detectors

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol has been demonstrated as a viable solution to detector side-channel attacks. One of the main advantages of MDI-QKD is that the security can be proved without making any assumptions about how the measurement device works. The price to pay is the relatively low secure key rate comparing with conventional QKD, such as the decoy-state BB84 protocol. To bridge the strong security of MDI-QKD with the high efficiency of conventional QKD, a new type of QKD protocol, the detector-deviceindependent (DDI) QKD has been proposed recently. In this protocol, the legitimate receiver employs a trusted linear optics network to encode information on photons received from an insecure quantum channel, and then performs a single-photon Bell state measurement (BSM) using untrusted detectors. One crucial assumption made in DDI-QKD is that the untrusted BSM located inside the receiver's laboratory cannot send any unwanted information to the outside. Here, we show that if the BSM is completely untrusted and the expected detection efficiency is low, a simple scheme would allow the BSM to send information to the outside: a sophisticated eavesdropper (Eve) can place high-efficiency detectors inside the BSM and program it to selectively report a fraction of the total detection events to simulate low-efficiency detectors. The time delay between adjacent reported events can be used by the BSM to send information. Combined with Trojan horse attacks, this scheme could allow Eve to gain information of the quantum key without being detected. To prevent the above attack, either countermeasures to Trojan horse attacks or some trustworthiness to the "untrusted" BSM device is required.

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“…Note that a similar scheme, following the same basic idea, has been proposed elsewhere. 29 Our scheme, henceforth referred to as detector-device-independent QKD (ddiQKD), essentially follows the idea of mdiQKD; however, instead of encoding separate qubits into two independent photons, we exploit the concept of a two-qubit single-photon (TQSP). This scheme has the following advantages: (1) It requires only single-photon interference; (2) the linear-optical BSM is 100% efficient; 30 (3) the secret key rate scales linearly with the SPD detection efficiency; and (4) it is expected that in the finite-key scenario, the minimum classical post-processing size is similar to that of P&M QKD schemes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detector-device-independent quantum key distribution

Lim

Korzh

Martin

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Recently, a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on entanglement swapping, called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), was proposed to bypass all measurement side-channel attacks. While mdiQKD is conceptually elegant and offers a supreme level of security, the experimental complexity is challenging for practical systems. For instance, it requires interference between two widely separated independent single-photon sources, and the secret key rates are dependent on detecting two photons-one from each source. Here, we demonstrate a proof-ofprinciple experiment of a QKD scheme that removes the need for a two-photon system and instead uses the idea of a two-qubit single-photon to significantly simplify the implementation and improve the efficiency of mdiQKD in several aspects. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Quantum key distribution with untrusted detectors

Cited by 23 publications

References 70 publications

Simple implementation of quantum key distribution based on single-photon Bell-state measurement

Simple implementation of quantum key distribution based on single-photon Bell-state measurement

Trustworthiness of detectors in quantum key distribution with untrusted detectors

Detector-device-independent quantum key distribution

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