Quantum key distribution using quantum dot single-photon emitting diodes in the red and near infrared spectral range

Heindel, Tobias; Kessler, Christian; Rau, Markus; Schneider, Christian; Fürst, Martin; Hargart, F.; Schulz, Wolfgang-Michael; Eichfelder, M.; Roßbach, R.; Nauerth, Sebastian; Lermer, M.; Weier, Henning; Jetter, Michael; Kamp, M.; Reitzenstein, Stephan; Höfling, Sven; Michler, Peter; Weinfurter, Harald; Forchel, A.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/8/083001

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is very important in view of applications, especially in optoelectronics or nanophotonics, because of the demand for some devices to be entirely polarization insensitive (e.g., optical amplifiers) and others having preferable polarization direction (e.g., lasers or single photon sources for applications in the field of quantum cryptography). There are solutions based on additional external controlling systems changing the polarization state or filtering out the unwanted components [48], but they are always accompanied by increased losses (which require being balanced by increased source efficiency-commonly already pushed to the limits), more complicated fabrication processes, or significantly less compact device designs. It would be preferable if the polarization of light suitable for specific applications could be selected based on the design of the active region alone.…”

Section: A Degree Of Linear Polarization Of the Surface Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots

et al. 2014

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In this paper we present a comprehensive and detailed analysis of carrier/exciton wave function extension in large low-strain In 0.3 Ga 0.7 As quantum dots (QDs). They exhibit rather shallow confinement potential with electron/hole localization energy below 30 meV and confinement strength substantially weakened in comparison to typical epitaxial quasi-zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different factors on the wave function (probability density distribution) for carriers or excitons in this regime, i.e., object shape anisotropy as well as strain, piezoelectricity, and Coulomb interactions, and to identify the physical mechanisms determining the properties of optical emission. To probe the wave function symmetry, polarization-resolved photoluminescence has been performed, and the spatial extensions of the corresponding probability densities have been verified in magneto-optical measurements. The observed diamagnetic coefficients in the range of (15-31) μeV/T 2 reflect large in-plane QD size. These studies also enable us to investigate the importance of light hole states admixture to the valence band ground state in such nanostructures, which can be addressed via the degree of linear polarization of emission as well as the exciton g X factor. The linear-polarization-resolved measurements revealed an exceptionally low exciton fine structure splitting of 5 μeV on average as well as a low emission polarization degree of −0.05, with the polarization perpendicular to the QD elongation direction dominating. The increased light hole contribution to the lowest energy hole level is reflected in the decreased exciton g X factor (in the range of 0-1) and is consistent with the results of the eight-band k·p modelling. Based on the temperature dependence of the diamagnetic coefficient, the problem of individual QD uniformity has additionally been discussed. To evaluate the impact of the confinment potential and the structure geometry on the optical properties of the QDs, a comparison between the investigated dots and InAs/InGaAlAs/InP quantum dashes exhibiting a much deeper confining potential is presented.

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Section: A Degree Of Linear Polarization Of the Surface Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots

et al. 2014

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“…First, the quantum emitter can be implemented into scalable cavity structures like QDs in micropillar cavities [16][17][18] or photonic waveguides [19][20][21]. Second, successful proof-of-principle quantum key distribution experiments using QD-based sources have already been demonstrated [22][23][24]. While the epitaxial growth of low density InGaAs or InP QDs is well established nowadays, it still relies on extremely close control of growth parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk AlInAs on InP(111) as a novel material system for pure single photon emission

et al. 2016

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Unsleber, S.; Deppisch, M.; Krammel, C.M.; Vo, Minh; Yerino, C.D.; Simmonds, P.G.; Lee, Minjoo Larry; Koenraad, P.M.; Schneider, C.; Höfling, S. Published in: Optics Express DOI:10.1364/OE.24.023198Published: 03/10/2016 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Unsleber, S., Deppisch, M., Krammel, C. M., Vo, M., Yerino, C. D., Simmonds, P. G., ... Höfling, S. (2016). Bulk AlInAs on InP(111) as a novel material system for pure single photon emission. Optics Express, 24(20), 23198-23206. DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.023198 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract: In this letter, we report on quantum light emission from bulk AlInAs grown on InP(111) substrates. We observe indium rich clusters in the bulk Al 0.48 In 0.52 As (AlInAs), resulting in quantum dot-like energetic traps for charge carriers, which are confirmed via cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy (XSTM) measurements and 6-band k·p simulations. We observe quantum dot (QD)-like emission signals, which appear as sharp lines in our photoluminescence spectra at near infrared wavelengths around 860 nm, and with linewidths as narrow as 50 µeV. We demonstrate the capability of this new material system to act as an emitter of pure single photons as we extract g (2) -values as low as g

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“…In this experiment, QKD is implemented using weak coherent pulses (WCPs), as the preparation of true single photon pulses requires a comparably huge technological overhead [97][98][99]. Yet, a WCP fundamentally contradicts the idea of a qubit, which is by definition a single quantum entity.…”

Section: Weak Coherent Pulses and Decoy Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air to ground quantum key distribution

et al. 2012

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Quantum key distribution using quantum dot single-photon emitting diodes in the red and near infrared spectral range

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots

Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots

Bulk AlInAs on InP(111) as a novel material system for pure single photon emission

Air to ground quantum key distribution

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