Quantum Key Distribution over FSO: Current Development and Future Perspectives

Trinh, Phuc V.; Pham, Anh T.; Carrasco‐Casado, Alberto; Toyoshima, Moria

doi:10.23919/piers.2018.8597918

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, there is a crucial challenge that faces the adoption of quantum communications, which is signal degradation due to weather conditions. To address this challenge, HAPs and satellites can be leveraged as trusted nodes for key redistribution and regeneration [343]. Furthermore, the combination of quantum communication and AI techniques can also provide more efficient and secure AI algorithms to satisfy the security requirements of 5G, B5G, and 6G [344].…”

Section: Uav Optical Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly important in assisting 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile networks. Indeed, UAVs have all the potentials to both satisfy the ever-increasing mobile data demands of such mobile networks and provide ubiquitous connectivity to different kinds of wireless devices. However, the UAV assistance paradigm faces a set of crucial issues and challenges. For example, the network management of current UAV-assisted systems is time consuming, complicated, and carried out manually, thus causing a multitude of interoperability issues. To efficiently address all these issues, Software-Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are two promising technologies to efficiently manage and improve the UAV assistance for the next generation of mobile networks. In the literature, no clear guidelines are describing the different use cases of SDN and NFV in the context of UAV assistance to terrestrial networks, including mobile networks. Motivated by this fact, in this survey, we guide the reader through a comprehensive discussion of the main characteristics of SDN and NFV technologies. Moreover, we provide a thorough analysis of the different classifications, use cases, and challenges related to UAV-assisted systems. We then discuss SDN/NFV-enabled UAV-assisted systems, along with several case studies and issues, such as the involvement of UAVs in cellular communications, monitoring, and routing, to name a few. We furthermore present a set of open research challenges, high-level insights, and future research directions related to UAV-assisted systems.

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Section: Uav Optical Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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“…In long-distance transmission, we also need to consider the problem of communication link security; one of the effective ways to solve this problem is to introduce quantum key distribution (QKD) technology into the HAP UAV optical link. QKD enables two partners named Alice and Bob to share a random key that can be used to encrypt/decrypt messages [ 57 ]. As early as 2015, the Canadian team reported the first experiment using QKD technology to transmit from launch to satellite, over a distance of 600 km.…”

Section: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav)-satellite Optical Wireless mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontier Progress of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Optical Wireless Technologies

Ding

Mei

Chih‐Lin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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With the continuous maturity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in materials, communications, and other related technologies, the UAV industry has developed rapidly in recent years. In order to cope with the diversified emerging business forms, the explosive growth of the scale of data traffic, number of terminal connections, high reliability, low-latency, and high transmission rate provided by the fifth generation (5G) network will inject new vitality into the development of the UAVs industry. In this paper, optical wireless technology is introduced into the UAV platform, combining theory with practical applications. We explain many research advances and key technologies in the four aspects of “air, space, earth, and sea” to achieve a strong and broadband communication link. This discussion focuses on link modeling, parameter optimization, experimental testing, and the status quo of UAVs in different application scenarios with optical wireless link configurations. At the same time, based on the current situation of UAV optical wireless technology, the technical problems and the research direction in the future are also discussed.

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“…The connection implementation of QKD includes two main medium, i.e., fiber cable and free-space optics (FSO). Compared to the fiber cable, the implementation of QKD over FSO links is more convenient and easier due to the flexibility of the free space connection and satellite support for distributing quantum keys worldwide [8], [9]. Moreover, FSO is an alternative transport technology to interconnect high capacity networking segments in current and future communication systems, because of its costeffectiveness, high-bandwidth availability, and interference-immunity [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Transmission Probabilities in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Over FSO Links

Zhao

Alouini

2021

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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In this paper, we investigate the transmission probabilities in three cases (depending only on the legitimate receiver, depending only the eavesdropper, and depending on both legitimate receiver and eavesdropper) in quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over free-space optical links. To be more realistic, we consider a generalized pointing error scenario, where the azimuth and elevation pointing error angles caused by stochastic jitters and vibrations in the legitimate receiver platform are independently distributed according to a non-identical normal distribution. Taking these assumptions into account, we derive approximate expressions of transmission probabilities by using the Gaussian quadrature method. To simplify the expressions and get some physical insights, some asymptotic analysis on the transmission probabilities is presented based on asymptotic expression for the generalized Marcum Q-function when the telescope gain at the legitimate receiver approaches to infinity. Moreover, from the asymptotic expression for the generalized Marcum Q-function, the asymptotic outage probability over Beckmann fading channels (a general channel model including Rayleigh, Rice, and Hoyt fading channels) can be also easily derived when the average signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently large, which shows the diversity order and array gain.

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Quantum Key Distribution over FSO: Current Development and Future Perspectives

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

Frontier Progress of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Optical Wireless Technologies

On the Transmission Probabilities in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Over FSO Links

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