Quantum key distribution and beyond: introduction

Razavi, Mohsen; Leverrier, Anthony; Ma, Xiongfeng; Qi, Bing; Zhong, Yuan

doi:10.1364/josab.36.00qkd1

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Introduced originally in 2007 by M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor in [7], this field has seen growing interest over the years with new protocols, new cryptographic primitives, and new security proofs leading to a growing research area. Furthermore, as our society begins to move towards practical implementations of quantum communication networks [8,9,10,11], the semi-quantum model may hold unique benefits allowing for potentially cheaper devices (as less "quantum capable hardware" may be required) or devices that are more robust to hardware faults (as one may switch to a semi-quantum mode of operation if some devices fail). Finally, the theoretical and practical innovations necessary to study the semi-quantum model, where users are highly restricted in their abilities, may lead to great innovations in the broader field of quantum information science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols allow two parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all powerful adversary. This is a task impossible to achieve through classical communication only; indeed, to distribute a secret key through classical means requires one to assume computationally bounded adversaries. If, however, both parties are "quantum capable" then security may be attained assuming only that the adversary must obey the laws of physics. But "how quantum" must a protocol actually be to gain this advantage over classical communication? This is one of the questions semi-quantum cryptography seeks to answer.Semi-quantum communication, a model introduced in 2007 by M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor (PRL 99 140501), involves the use of fully-quantum users and semiquantum, or "classical" users. These classical users are only allowed to interact with the quantum channel in a limited, classical manner. Originally introduced to study the key-distribution problem, semi-quantum research has since expanded, and continues to grow, with new protocols, security proof methods, experimental implementations, and new cryptographic applications beyond key distribution. Research in the field of semi-quantum cryptography requires new insights into working with restricted protocols and, so, the tools and techniques derived in this field can translate to results in broader quantum information science. Furthermore, other questions such as the connection between quantum and classical processing, including how classical information processing can be used to counteract a quantum deficiency in a protocol, can shed light on important theoretical questions.This work surveys the history and current state-of-the-art in semi-quantum research. We discuss the model and several protocols offering the reader insight into how protocols are constructed in this realm. We discuss security proof methods and how classical post-processing can be used to counteract users' inability to perform certain quantum operations. Moving beyond key distribution, we survey current work in other * semi-quantum cryptographic protocols and current trends. We also survey recent work done in attempting to construct practical semi-quantum systems including recent experimental results in this field. Finally, as this is still a growing field, we highlight, throughout this survey, several open problems that we feel are important to investigate in the hopes that this will spur even more research in this topic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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“…First, consider that the eavesdropper chooses between the measurement bases (X + Z or X − Z) with 0.5 probability. However, non-matching detection events are ambiguous for the eavesdropper, which occur with 6 16 probability. In contrast, they get a double matching event with 9 16 probability.…”

Section: The Bases Choice Attack (Bc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

Lizama-Pérez

Samperio

2021

Entropy

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We present a new post-processing method for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that raises cubically the secret key rate in the number of double matching detection events. In Shannon’s communication model, information is prepared at Alice’s side, and it is then intended to pass it over a noisy channel. In our approach, secret bits do not rely in Alice’s transmitted quantum bits but in Bob’s basis measurement choices. Therefore, measured bits are publicly revealed, while bases selections remain secret. Our method implements sifting, reconciliation, and amplification in a unique process, and it just requires a round iteration; no redundancy bits are sent, and there is no limit in the correctable error percentage. Moreover, this method can be implemented as a post-processing software into QKD technologies already in use.

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“…In the quantum era, Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most promising technologies to secure the information intended to cross data networks. However, it has become unpostponable the development of new techniques for the rapid establishment of secret key information using quantum pulses over long distances [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

Lizama-Pérez¹,

López²,

Samperio³

2020

Preprint

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We present a new post-processing method for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that raise cubically the secret key rate in the number of double matching detection events. In Shannon’s communication model information is prepared at Alice’s side then it is intended to pass it over a noisy channel. In our approach, secret bits do not rely in Alice’s transmitted quantum bits but in Bob’s basis measurement choices. Therefore measured bits are publicly revealed while bases selections remain secret. Our method implements sifting, reconciliation and amplification in a unique process, it just require a round iteration, no redundancy bits are sent and there is no limit in the correctable error percentage. Moreover, this method can be implemented as a post processing software into QKD technologies already in use.

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Quantum key distribution and beyond: introduction

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Semi-quantum cryptography

Semi-quantum cryptography

Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

Beyond the Limits of Shannon’s Information in Quantum Key Distribution

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