Quantum Interference Device Made by DNA Templating of Superconducting Nanowires

Hopkins, David; Pekker, David; Goldbart, Paul M.; Bezryadin, Alexey

doi:10.1126/science.1111307

Cited by 154 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We attribute these to the inhomogeneous superconductivity in the bridges. Although some behavior is not well understood at present, the interesting phenomena reported here suggest that such Pb bridges can be a platform for studying the fundamental aspects of superconductivity in low dimensional regimes and may have promising applications in superconducting quantum interference devices [24,27,28]. We expect that our work will stimulate further experimental and theoretical interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetoresistance oscillations of ultrathin Pb bridges

Wang

et al. 2009

Nano Res.

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Pb nanobridges with a thickness of less than 10 nm and a width of several hundred nm have been fabricated from single-crystalline Pb fi lms using low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy and focus ion beam microfabrication techniques. We observed novel magnetoresistance oscillations below the superconducting transition temperature (T C ) of the bridges. The oscillations which were not seen in the crystalline Pb fi lms may originate from the inhomogeneity of superconductivity induced by the applied magnetic fi elds on approaching the normal state, or the degradation of fi lm quality by thermal evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnetoresistance oscillations of ultrathin Pb bridges

Wang

et al. 2009

Nano Res.

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“…The very low T c (typically below liquid helium temperature) limits their potential applications as zero-electrical resistance conductors or active components in nanoelectronic circuits. [8][9][10][11][12] In comparison, the short (∼1 nm) that characterizes high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials 13 may reduce the influence on superconductivity of phase slip processes in HTS NWs, and the expected significantly higher T c should uniquely enable applications of HTS NW materials.However, achieving high-temperature superconductivity in NWs requires achieving the correct stoichiometry and the correct perovskite-like crystal structures of the HTS materials. This renders many superconductor NW fabrication methods 1,5,6,14,15 inapplicable, and so little has been reported in this area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4 This may result in resistive or insulating behaviors for thin (∼10 nm) wires when temperature approaches zero. 1,2 Narrow width (w ∼ 10 nm) nanowires (NWs) made from elemental superconductors 3,[5][6][7] and from the binary alloy MoGe 1,2,8 are all quasi-1D systems, and strong suppression of superconductivity by phase-slip processes has been observed in these systems. The very low T c (typically below liquid helium temperature) limits their potential applications as zero-electrical resistance conductors or active components in nanoelectronic circuits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long, Highly-Ordered High-Temperature Superconductor Nanowire Arrays

Heath

2008

Nano Lett.

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The preparation and electrical properties of high-temperature superconductor nanowire arrays are reported for the first time. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ nanowires with widths as small as 10 nm (much smaller than the magnetic penetration depth) and lengths up to 200 µm are studied by four-point electrical measurements. All nanowires exhibit a superconducting transition above liquid nitrogen temperature and a transition temperature width that depends strongly upon the nanowire dimensions. Nanowire size effects are systematically studied, and the results are modeled satisfactorily using phase-slip theories that generate reasonable parameters. These nanowires can function as superconducting nanoelectronic components over much wider temperature ranges as compared to conventional superconductor nanowires.A key question regarding the use of superconductors in nanoelectronic circuits is whether there is a critical size limit beyond which superconductivity can not be sustained. 1-3 A superconducting wire becomes quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) when its width (w) is comparable to or smaller than the material-dependent Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (>∼100 nm for elemental superconductors) and magnetic penetration depth λ (∼40 nm for elemental superconductors). For bulk superconductors, the electrical resistance drops precipitously to zero below the superconducting transition temperature (T c ). For quasi-1D superconductors, the resistance decreases gradually below T c due to phase-slip processes. 2,4 This may result in resistive or insulating behaviors for thin (∼10 nm) wires when temperature approaches zero. 1,2 Narrow width (w ∼ 10 nm) nanowires (NWs) made from elemental superconductors 3,5-7 and from the binary alloy MoGe 1,2,8 are all quasi-1D systems, and strong suppression of superconductivity by phase-slip processes has been observed in these systems. The very low T c (typically below liquid helium temperature) limits their potential applications as zero-electrical resistance conductors or active components in nanoelectronic circuits. [8][9][10][11][12] In comparison, the short (∼1 nm) that characterizes high-temperature superconductor (HTS) materials 13 may reduce the influence on superconductivity of phase slip processes in HTS NWs, and the expected significantly higher T c should uniquely enable applications of HTS NW materials.However, achieving high-temperature superconductivity in NWs requires achieving the correct stoichiometry and the correct perovskite-like crystal structures of the HTS materials. This renders many superconductor NW fabrication methods 1,5,6,14,15 inapplicable, and so little has been reported in this area. Short HTS NWs (w ∼50 nm) have been synthesized, but superconductivity was only tested through magnetization measurements of powders of these materials. 16,17 Patterning HTS NWs from epitaxially grown HTS thin films is also challenging: HTS materials are unstable toward processing steps involving acid, water, or moderately elevated temperatures. In addition, for patterning, HTS films are...

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“…On the other hand, 1D nanostructures are of great interest for the construction of future devices (4)(5)(6). With its high aspect ratio, unique base-pairing ability, designable base sequence, and availability of various techniques for functionalization, DNA is a very attractive material for preparing 1D nanostructures for electronic, magnetic, photonic, and chemical sensing applications (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The ability to position a large number of 1D nanostructures with well defined linear arrangements is a prerequisite for integrating them into functional devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating highly ordered DNA nanostrand arrays

Guan

Lee²

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

132

129

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Highly ordered arrays of stretched DNA molecules were generated over the millimeter scale by using a modified molecular combing method and soft lithography. Topological micropatterning on polydimethyl siloxane stamps was used to mediate the dynamic assembly of DNA molecules into arranged nonostrand arrays. These arrays consisted of either short nanostrands of several micrometers with fixed length and orientation or long nanostrands up to several hundred micrometers in length. The nanostrand arrays were transferred onto flat solid surfaces by contact printing, allowing for the creation of more complex patterns. This technique has potential applications for the construction of next-generation DNA chips and functional circuits of DNA-based 1D nanostructures. molecular combing ͉ soft lithography P atterning DNA molecules at the micrometer scale forms the basis of DNA chips, a widely used technology for genetic analysis and diagnosis (1, 2). At the molecular level, single DNA molecules have been stretched for physical mapping of genes and molecular diagnosis of diseases (3). If stretched DNA molecules can be patterned into a well defined array, large-scale and highly automated analysis may be realized. On the other hand, 1D nanostructures are of great interest for the construction of future devices (4-6). With its high aspect ratio, unique base-pairing ability, designable base sequence, and availability of various techniques for functionalization, DNA is a very attractive material for preparing 1D nanostructures for electronic, magnetic, photonic, and chemical sensing applications (7-13). The ability to position a large number of 1D nanostructures with well defined linear arrangements is a prerequisite for integrating them into functional devices. The lack of this ability is currently hindering the realization of functional devices built on DNAbased 1D nanostructures.Molecular combing is a technique for stretching, aligning, and immobilizing coiled DNA molecules in a solution onto a f lat surface through a dewetting process (3). By creating a pattern of surface structures or properties, combing can be further controlled (14 -18). A number of studies in molecular combing have been reported in the literature, but none are able to demonstrate well defined arrays. For example, a single nanofiber has been combed and placed between two electrodes in a nanojunction (14). But this method cannot control the size of nanofibers and has not demonstrated any ability to pattern nanofiber arrays covering a large area. By f lowing DNA solution through microchannels, stretched DNA molecules confined in the microchannels were obtained. Their orientation and curvature were directed by controlling the geometry of the air-water interface (15). However, the DNA molecules were randomly distributed in the microchannels. In a separate study, polystyrene lines were lithographically patterned on a substrate for end-specific binding of DNA molecules. Combing of the DNA on this substrate created lines of stretched single DNA molecules (16). A li...

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Quantum Interference Device Made by DNA Templating of Superconducting Nanowires

Cited by 154 publications

References 19 publications

Magnetoresistance oscillations of ultrathin Pb bridges

Magnetoresistance oscillations of ultrathin Pb bridges

Long, Highly-Ordered High-Temperature Superconductor Nanowire Arrays

Generating highly ordered DNA nanostrand arrays

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