We introduce residuated ortholattices as a generalization of-and environment for the investigation of-orthomodular lattices. We establish a number of basic algebraic facts regarding these structures, characterize orthomodular lattices as those residuated ortholattices whose residual operation is term-definable in the involutive lattice signature, and demonstrate that residuated ortholattices are the equivalent algebraic semantics of an algebraizable propositional logic. We also show that orthomodular lattices may be interpreted in residuated ortholattices via a translation in the spirit of the double-negation translation of Boolean algebras into Heyting algebras, and conclude with some remarks about decidability. * W. Fussner received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 670624).† G. St. John acknowledges the support of MIUR within the project PRIN 2017: "Logic and cognition. Theory, experiments, and applications", CUP: 2013YP4N3, sub-project "Quantum structures and substructural logics: a unifying approach".