Quantum Friction of Micromechanical Resonators at Low Temperatures

Ahn, Kang-Hun; Mohanty, Pritiraj

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.085504

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…6(a)], at temperatures below 200 mK, one sees a saturation in dissipation. Such a feature has been predicted [37] as a possible super-radiant phonon emission. In some older experiments [24], where the temperature was corrected using the high-temperature logarithmic frequency shift as a thermometer [38], the feature merged into the power law indicative of thermal decoupling, and these features were at much lower temperatures [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [37], two characteristic loss The dissipation data Q −1 with a sublinear fit with ∼T 0.43 is shown as a guide. The low-temperature saturation occurs at T ∼ 300 mK.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When already in the limit ωτ > 1, we expect coherent excitation. One of the criterion for the pumping [37] is the asymmetry energy 0 γ o , where o is some built-in strain. We cannot comment on the static strain status of our devices at cryogenic temperatures, but devices exposed to H 2 showed some buckling when warmed up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable low-temperature dissipation scenarios in palladium nanomechanical resonators

et al. 2017

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We study dissipation in palladium (Pd) nanomechanical resonators at low temperatures in the linear response regime. Metallic resonators have shown characteristic features of dissipation due to tunneling two-level systems (TLS). The system described here offers a unique tunability of the dissipation scenario by adsorbing hydrogen (H 2 ), which induces a compressive stress. The intrinsic stress is expected to alter TLS behavior. We find a sublinear ∼T 0.4 dependence of dissipation in a limited temperature regime. As seen in TLS dissipation scenarios, we find a logarithmic increase of frequency from the lowest temperatures till a characteristic temperature T co is reached. In samples without H 2 , T co ∼ 1 K was seen, whereas with H 2 it is clearly reduced to ∼700 mK. Based on standard TLS phenomena, we attribute this to enhanced phonon-TLS coupling in samples with compressive strain. We also find that with H 2 there is a saturation in low-temperature dissipation, which may possibly be due to super-radiant interaction between TLS and phonons. We discuss the data in the scope of TLS phenomena and similar data for other systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [37], two characteristic loss The dissipation data Q −1 with a sublinear fit with ∼T 0.43 is shown as a guide. The low-temperature saturation occurs at T ∼ 300 mK.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable low-temperature dissipation scenarios in palladium nanomechanical resonators

et al. 2017

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“…We note that the Sisyphus mechanism described here is not limited to Coulomb blockade devices, but should be a generic property of any system with an energy level crossing. In an analogous way to the Sisyphus mechanism discussed here, it was suggested that phonon pumping of TLSs can dominate losses in micro-mechanical resonators at low temperatures [9] and one could imagine having the same effect in electrical resonators. It has been suggested that TLSs may dominate the loss in electrical resonators under conditions important for quantum information applications [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Excess Dissipation in a Single-Electron Box: The Sisyphus Resistance

et al. 2010

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We present measurements of the ac response of a single-electron box (SEB). We apply an rf signal with a frequency larger than the tunneling rate and drive the system out of equilibrium. We observe much more dissipation in the SEB then one would expect from a simple circuit model. We can explain this in terms of a mechanism that we call the Sisyphus resistance. The Sisyphus resistance has a strong gate dependence which can be used for electrometery applications.Dissipation in quantum systems has been an important area of research for many years. It has lately gained renewed attention as quantum systems have increasingly come to the forefront of technology, including research in nanotechnology and quantum information. In many of these contexts, dissipation can be modeled using a simple two-level system (TLS) or an ensemble of them. It is therefore generally useful to study dissipation in TLSs. For instance, in the context of quantum information [1], where any dissipation causes unwanted decoherence, TLSs are important in several different ways. First, the basic building block of all quantum bits is an effective TLS. In addition, the presence of parasitic TLSs in dielectrics has been shown to result in losses which degrade the quality factor of electrical resonators and limit the coherence of superconducting qubits [2]. Fast driving of a TLS through an avoided level crossings (ALC) recently received considerable attention, and has been analyzed in terms of Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions [3][4][5] and dressed states [6]. Recently, in a setup related to the one studied here, Sisyphus cooling [7] and amplification was observed in a superconducting circuit [8].In this Letter, we study a mesoscopic circuit consisting of a small metallic island connected by a tunnel junction to a much larger reservoir. Charging effects (Coulomb blockade) result in well defined energy levels which become degenerate at a specific bias point. An ac drive is used to cyclically drive the system through this level crossing. Due to the low transparency of the tunnel barrier, the coupling between the levels is negligible and the probability of a LZ transition when crossing the degeneracy point is very close to unity. However, due to the large degeneracy of the electronic states on the island, the total system can have a significant relaxation (or tunneling) rate. If the frequency of the drive is comparable to the relaxation rate of the system, alternating excitation and relaxation of the system lead to excess dissipation which can be directly measured. We call this process the Sisyphus resistance. We develop a quantitative model of the behavior that shows very good agreement with the measured response. * fredrik.persson@chalmers.se † per.delsing@chalmers.seThe charging effects which give rise to the quantization of the energy levels have a very peculiar effect on dissipation in the circuit. Far away from the degeneracy point, the Coulomb blockade prevents tunneling, and results in a high Sisyphus resistance and low dissipation. However, at the de...

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“…There are ample examples of quantum frictional phenomena. These include friction observed in micro-mechanical systems at low temperatures [1], in superfluid theory [2], and even in quantum cosmology [3] and more. Are such quantum examples of friction essentially classical phenomena that endure into the quantum domain, or is there something distinctly quantum about (at least some kinds of) friction?…”

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Reflections on Friction in Quantum Mechanics

Rezek

2010

Entropy

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Distinctly quantum friction effects of three types are surveyed: internal friction, measurement-induced friction, and quantum-fluctuation-induced friction. We demonstrate that external driving will lead to quantum internal friction, and critique the measurement-based interpretation of friction. We conclude that in general systems will experience internal and external quantum friction over and beyond the classical frictional contributions. Keywords: quantum friction; dissipation; open systemClassification: PACS 03. 05.70.Ln Friction is the price for moving too fast. An attempt to induce a rapid change in the state of a system would be accompanied by additional entropy generation and will be encumbered by energy costs. As an example of friction we can consider a body moving rapidly against a stationary background. Its kinetic energy is dissipated, generating heat and entropy in the environment. The amount of dissipation is proportional to the velocity. Another archtypical case of friction is a driven gas compression process. For a system that is thermally decoupled from its environment, rapid changes in the piston position that compresses the gas will result in internal heating of the gas and entropy generation. To restore the system to its slow quasi-static compression equivalent, heat has to be removed from the gas. This additional heat is equivalent to extra work against friction.Friction is typically modeled by a phenomenological theory within classical mechanics. How does it extend to the quantum domain? Can a first principles model of friction be developed? There are ample examples of quantum frictional phenomena. These include friction observed in micro-mechanical systems at low temperatures [1], in superfluid theory [2], and even in quantum cosmology [3] and more. Are such quantum examples of friction essentially classical phenomena that endure into the quantum

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Quantum Friction of Micromechanical Resonators at Low Temperatures

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Tunable low-temperature dissipation scenarios in palladium nanomechanical resonators

Tunable low-temperature dissipation scenarios in palladium nanomechanical resonators

Excess Dissipation in a Single-Electron Box: The Sisyphus Resistance

Reflections on Friction in Quantum Mechanics

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