Quantum frequency conversion of memory-compatible single photons from 606  nm to the telecom C-band

Maring, Nicolas; Lago-Rivera, Dario; Lenhard, Andreas; Heinze, Georg; Riedmatten, Hugues de

doi:10.1364/optica.5.000507

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Phasematching is required for any efficient nonlinear optical interaction. These processes are a cornerstone in many applications, such as for frequency conversion between different optical bands, pulse compression, LIDAR, spectral filtering, or in single photon sources in quantum optics [23][24][25][26][27][28] . However, the key to QPM is the fabrication of high quality ferroelectric domain grids over a millimeter to centimeter scale, which requires a thorough understanding of the underlying domain fabrication process, which is aided by visualization and analysis tools such as SH microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second harmonic microscopy of poled x-cut thin film lithium niobate: Understanding the contrast mechanism

Rüsing

Zhao

Mookherjea

2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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Thin film lithium niobate is of great recent interest and an understanding of periodically poled thin-films is crucial for both fundamental physics and device developments. Second-harmonic (SH) microscopy allows for the non-invasive visualization and analysis of ferroelectric domain structures and walls. While the technique is well understood in bulk lithium niobate, SH microscopy in thin films is largely influenced by interfacial reflections and resonant enhancements, which depend on film thicknesses and the substrate materials. We present a comprehensive analysis of SH microscopy in x-cut lithium niobate thin films, based on a full three dimensional focus calculations, and accounting for interface reflections. We show that the dominant signal in back-reflection originates from a co-propagating phase-matched process observed through reflections, rather than direct detection of the counter-propagating signal as in bulk samples. We can explain the observation of domain structures in the thin film geometry, and in particular, we show that the SH signal from thin poled films allows to unambiguously distinguish areas, which are completely or only partly inverted in depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second harmonic microscopy of poled x-cut thin film lithium niobate: Understanding the contrast mechanism

Rüsing

Zhao

Mookherjea

2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission fraction into the ZPL could be enhanced by a microcavity via the Purcell effect [14], while a difference frequency generation, used in recent experiments, achieved conversion of single NV photons into telecom wavelength with 17% efficiency [15,16]. However, the signal-to-noise ratio was limited by pump-induced noise in the conversion process [17,18] and resonance driving at cryogenic temperature is required, preventing room temperature applications.An alternative approach is to work with the microwave interface of NV centers and then up-convert the signal to the desired optical domain. The conversion process can be realized with platforms such as electrooptomechanical [19][20][21][22] and electro-optic effects [23][24][25], which present strong nonlinearities, but they are usually limited by small bandwidths or low conversion efficiencies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Telecom photon interface of solid-state quantum nodes

Cappellaro

2019

J. Phys. Commun.

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Solid-state spins such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are promising platforms for large-scale quantum networks. Despite the optical interface of NV center system, however, the significant attenuation of its zero-phonon-line photon in optical fiber prevents the network extended to long distances. Therefore a telecom-wavelength photon interface would be essential to reduce the photon loss in transporting quantum information. Here we propose an efficient scheme for coupling telecom photon to NV center ensembles mediated by rare-earth doped crystal. Specifically, we proposed protocols for high fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with parameters within reach of current technologies. Such an interface would bring new insights into future implementations of long-range quantum network with NV centers in diamond acting as quantum nodes. IntroductionQuantum network based on solid-state quantum memories are a promising platform for long range quantum communication and remote sensing [1][2][3]. Quantum nodes in a network require robust storage, high fidelity and efficient interface to achieve these demanding applications. Among many physical platforms, nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers stand out for their very long coherence time in the ground states, making them ideal systems to be used as stationary nodes for quantum computer or sensor networks. Microwave and optical interfaces have provided the NV system with a flexible toolset of control knobs, as required in many emerging technologies. This has enabled a recent demonstration of deterministic entanglement generation between two NV centers in diamond [4] with an entanglement rate of about 40 Hz. Despite these successes, NV centers present some shortcomings for quantum communication applications: the NV spin has a zero phonon line (ZPL) at 637 nm and it only corresponds to 3% of the total emission.The propagation loss in optical fibers at this wavelength (8 dB/km) is much larger compared with telecommunication ranges (less than 0.2 dB/km). To extend the entanglement generation scheme to large distance would thus benefit from using a telecom photon interface. The conventional way to overcome this limit is to perform parametric down conversion to convert the photons into telecom-wavelength photons (tele-photons), as demonstrated in several systems including quantum dots [5][6][7], trapped ions [8-10] and atomic ensembles [11][12][13].The low emission rate into the ZPL limits the rate of entanglement generation. The emission fraction into the ZPL could be enhanced by a microcavity via the Purcell effect [14], while a difference frequency generation, used in recent experiments, achieved conversion of single NV photons into telecom wavelength with 17% efficiency [15,16]. However, the signal-to-noise ratio was limited by pump-induced noise in the conversion process [17,18] and resonance driving at cryogenic temperature is required, preventing room temperature applications.An alternative approach is to work with the microwave interface of NV centers and then ...

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“…This requires a strong pump laser at 1/λ pump = 1/λ vis − 1/λ tele where λ vis is the wavelength of the visible photon to be converted and λ tele is the target wavelength in a telecom band. If we target the telecom C-band around 1550 nm, the pump laser will be in the λ pump = 900 − 1100 nm region for the NV and RE systems [11,12], and in the range of λ pump = 480 − 720 nm for Yb + , Ba + and Sr + ions [10,13], if we assume the operating wavelengths given above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral noise in frequency conversion from the visible to the telecommunication C-band

Strassmann¹,

Martin²,

Gisin³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We report a detailed study of the noise properties of a visible-to-telecom photon frequency converter based on difference frequency generation (DFG). The device converts 580 nm photons to 1541 nm using a strong pump laser at 930 nm, in a periodically poled lithium niobate ridge waveguide. The converter reaches a maximum device efficiency of 46 % (internal efficiency of 67 %) at a pump power of 250 mW. The noise produced by the pump laser is investigated in detail by recording the noise spectra both in the telecom and visible regimes, and measuring the power dependence of the noise rates. The noise spectrum in the telecom is very broadband, as expected from previous work on similar DFG converters. However, we also observe several narrow dips in the telecom spectrum, with corresponding peaks appearing in the 580 nm noise spectrum. These features are explained by sum frequency generation of the telecom noise at wavelengths given by the phase matching condition of different spatial modes in the waveguide. The proposed noise model is in good agreement with all the measured data, including the power-dependence of the noise rates, both in the visible and telecom regime. These results are applicable to the class of DFG converters where the pump laser wavelength is in between the input and target wavelength.

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Quantum frequency conversion of memory-compatible single photons from 606 nm to the telecom C-band

Cited by 63 publications

References 51 publications

Second harmonic microscopy of poled x-cut thin film lithium niobate: Understanding the contrast mechanism

Second harmonic microscopy of poled x-cut thin film lithium niobate: Understanding the contrast mechanism

Telecom photon interface of solid-state quantum nodes

Spectral noise in frequency conversion from the visible to the telecommunication C-band

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