Quantum field theory of atoms interacting with photons: Foundations

Lewenstein, Maciej; You, Li; Cooper, J.; Burnett, K.

doi:10.1103/physreva.50.2207

Cited by 111 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is advantagous to study the propagation of light by introducing the dipole approximation for atoms and the corresponding Hamiltonian in the length gauge obtained in the Power-Zienau-Woolley transformation [33][34][35].…”

Section: Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(19) makes no contribution to the optical response, and we do not address its explicit form in more detail. We assume that to leading order all remaining interactions between the ground-state and excited-state atoms, which cannot be accounted for when the atoms are modeled as point dipoles, are governed by the following interactions [35]:…”

Section: S-wave Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topological phase preparation in a pair of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Ruostekoski

2000

Phys. Rev. A

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We theoretically study the optical properties of a FermiDirac gas in the presence of a superfluid state. We calculate the leading quantum-statistical corrections to the standard column density result of the electric susceptibility. We also consider the Bragg diffraction of atoms by means of light-stimulated transitions of photons between two intersecting laser beams. Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing between atoms in different internal levels magnifies incoherent scattering processes. The absorption linewidth of a Fermi-Dirac gas is broadened and shifted. Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing introduces a collisional local-field shift that may dramatically dominate the Lorentz-Lorenz shift. For the case of the Bragg spectroscopy the static structure function may be significantly increased due to superfluidity in the nearforward scattering. 03.75.Fi,42.50.Vk,05.30.Fk

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Section: Electromagnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S-wave Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological phase preparation in a pair of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Ruostekoski

2000

Phys. Rev. A

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“…It takes the form The kernel K(t -t'; k, μ, k' , μ') can be evaluated analytically in the case of no potential or a harmonic potential in the excited state (for details see Refs. [11,27]). Here we stress only that the kernel in Eq.…”

Section: Weak Light Scattering At T =mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Optics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

1994

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“…describes the interaction between the probe field and the atoms, where d(r) and p(r) = µ ψ e (r) † ψ g (r) + h.c. are the electric displacement and polarization field operators, respectively; the last term, H cont = (x/2ε 0 ) p(r)p(r)d 3 r, represents the contact interaction which appears in the multipolar formulation of QED [19][20][21][22], commonly adopted with x = 1. We choose x = 2/3 in the contact interaction [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic formulation of slow polaritons in atomic gases

Juzeliūnas

Carmichael

2002

Phys. Rev. A

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We formulate a theory of slow polaritons in atomic gases and apply it to the slowing down, storing, and redirecting of laser pulses in an EIT medium. The normal modes of the coupled matter and radiation are determined through a full diagonalization of the dissipationless Hamiltonian. Away from the EIT resonance where the polaritons acquire an excitedstate contribution, lifetimes are introduced as a secondary step. With detuning included various four-wave mixing possibilities are analyzed. We investigate specifically the possibility of reverting a stopped polariton by reversing the control beam.PACS numbers: 42.50. Gy, 32.70.Jz, 42.50.Fx, 03.75.Fi Recently, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [1][2][3][4] was shown to slow down dramatically [5], or even to stop completely [6,7], laser pulses in atomic gases. The experiments involve media of three-level atoms interacting with two lasers-a control beam and a probe pulse. The atoms have two hyperfine ground states, |g and |q , and an electronically excited state |e , as illustrated in Fig. 1(a). Level g is populated initially, before applying the probe pulse to couple g and e. The role of the control beam is to introduce a transparency window so that the probe pulse propagates slowly in the medium.Such behavior can be understood in terms of a branch of slow polaritons appearing between two close atomic resonances, as considered by Juzeliūnas (see Fig. 2(b) in [8]). Indeed, the control laser couples the states |q and |e dynamically, bringing level q into resonance with the excited level e. The excited level splits, then, into the doublet shown in Fig. 1(b), giving precisely the level structure required to form a branch of slow polaritons. Polaritons are the normal modes of a combined system of radiation and matter and are a familiar subject in solid state physics. Over the last decade the polariton idea has been applied widely to describe the quantized radiation field in dielectric media [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Most studies, however, considered media of two-level atoms, and hence cannot accommodate the slow EIT polaritons. Slow polaritons appear in the analysis beyond two levels [8,13,14]; although the existing theoretical work does not deal with EIT, specifically. EIT (dark state) polaritons were first considered theoretically by Mazets and Matisov [15], and later by Fleischhauer and Lukin [16,17] who suggested storing the probe pulse (stopping the polariton) by adiabatically switching off the control laser.In this paper we present a systematic description of slow polaritons in EIT media. The theory is developed for atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), but is also applicable to ordinary atomic gases. In contrast to previous work [15][16][17], we explicitly diagonalize the full Hamiltonian, including detuning from the EIT resonance and the contact interaction, and without making the rotating wave approximation in the interaction with the probe field. Away from the EIT resonance the polaritons acquire an excited-state contribution which leads t...

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Quantum field theory of atoms interacting with photons: Foundations

Cited by 111 publications

References 51 publications

Topological phase preparation in a pair of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Topological phase preparation in a pair of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Quantum Optics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Systematic formulation of slow polaritons in atomic gases

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