Quantum electromechanics with levitated nanoparticles

Martinetz, Lukas; Hornberger, Klaus; Millen, James; Kim, M. S.; Stickler, Benjamin A.

doi:10.1038/s41534-020-00333-7

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Note that this may not be true generally. For instance, in Paul traps, if the charge distribution has a non-zero dipole component, the center of mass and the angle may become coupled [76]. Similarly, shape anisotropy or birefringence of optically trapped particles can also induce a mode coupling [77,78].…”

Section: Hamiltonian Of the Spin-mechanical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Mechanics with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Trapped Particles

et al. 2021

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Controlling the motion of macroscopic oscillators in the quantum regime has been the subject of intense research in recent decades. In this direction, opto-mechanical systems, where the motion of micro-objects is strongly coupled with laser light radiation pressure, have had tremendous success. In particular, the motion of levitating objects can be manipulated at the quantum level thanks to their very high isolation from the environment under ultra-low vacuum conditions. To enter the quantum regime, schemes using single long-lived atomic spins, such as the electronic spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, coupled with levitating mechanical oscillators have been proposed. At the single spin level, they offer the formidable prospect of transferring the spins’ inherent quantum nature to the oscillators, with foreseeable far-reaching implications in quantum sensing and tests of quantum mechanics. Adding the spin degrees of freedom to the experimentalists’ toolbox would enable access to a very rich playground at the crossroads between condensed matter and atomic physics. We review recent experimental work in the field of spin-mechanics that employ the interaction between trapped particles and electronic spins in the solid state and discuss the challenges ahead. Our focus is on the theoretical background close to the current experiments, as well as on the experimental limits, that, once overcome, will enable these systems to unleash their full potential.

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Section: Hamiltonian Of the Spin-mechanical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Mechanics with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Trapped Particles

et al. 2021

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“…In this cooling scheme, motion of the particle coherently scatters photons from the trapping beam into an optical cavity tuned to enhance scattering of photons that carry away energy from the trapped object [15,54]. Following the recent interest on entanglement dynamics in optomechanical systems [157,[210][211][212][213], coherent scattering has also been considered as a platform for generating mechanical entanglement [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherent scattering of photons from a trapping tweezer into an optical cavity is a novel mechanism for creating strong optomechanical coupling [48], mechanical squeezing [49] and entanglement [50][51][52]. However, the most prominent feature that first sparked interest on this form of interaction [53] is the ability to cool the levitated particle.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These states can be prepared in quantum optics in an approximate way using photon pair sources and displacement-based detec-tion [188,189] or non-linear light-matter interactions in cavity quantum electrodynamics [190,191]. In levitated quantum electrodynamics [50], it is also possible to couple two qubits to a nano-sphere or rotor according to the interaction Hamiltonian (4-29), with the qubits assuming the role of the optical fields and the levitated object the role of the mirror-in-the-middle. Among the advantages of this type of scheme is the fact that the optomechanical coupling admits a wide tunability, potentially allowing tests of the optomechanical interaction in novel regimes.…”

Section: Qubit Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this Section we present the results of our work [52], where we investigate how the coherent scattering interaction between a single cavity mode and an arbitrary number of levitated nanoparticles can give rise to quantum correlations among the various partitions of the system even at room temperature. For high-vacuum environments (p < 10 −9 mbar), it has been shown that CS mediated mechanical entanglement can resist photon scattering decoherence [50] and in moderate vacuum (p ∼ 10 −6 mbar) steady state entanglement is only possible at low environment temperatures around T env,j ≈ 15 K [51]. In the latter regime, the crucial question of whether mechanical entanglement could exist for realistic environmental temperatures before the system achieves its steady state remained open.…”

Section: Coherent Scattering-mediated Correlations Between Levitated Nanospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing Optomechanical Interactions: From Trapping Organisms to Entangling Nanospheres

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Albert Einstein: Von Ulm nach Princeton

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We introduce pentacene-doped naphthalene as a material for diamagnetic levitation, offering compelling applications in matter-wave interferometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Pentacenedoped naphthalene offers remarkable polarizability of its nuclear spin ensemble, achieving polarization rates exceeding 80% at cryogenic temperatures with polarization lifetimes extending weeks. We design a multi-spin Stern-Gerlach-type interferometry protocol which, thanks to the homogeneous spin distribution and the absence of a preferential nuclear-spin quantization axis, avoids many of the limitations associated with materials hosting electronic spin defects, such as nanodiamonds containing NV centers. We assess the potential of our interferometer to enhance existing bounds on the free parameters of objective collapse models. Beyond matter-wave interferometry, we analyze the prospects for implementing magic angle spinning at frequencies surpassing the current standard in NMR, capitalizing on the exceptional rotational capabilities offered by levitation. Additionally, we outline a novel protocol for measuring spin ensemble polarization via the position of the nanoparticle and conduct an analysis of dominant noise sources, benchmarking the required isolation levels for various applications.

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Quantum electromechanics with levitated nanoparticles

Cited by 35 publications

References 62 publications

Spin-Mechanics with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Trapped Particles

Spin-Mechanics with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and Trapped Particles

Harnessing Optomechanical Interactions: From Trapping Organisms to Entangling Nanospheres

Albert Einstein: Von Ulm nach Princeton

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