Quantum dots-nanogap metamaterials fabrication by self-assembly lithography and photoluminescence studies

Tripathi, Laxmi Narayan; Kang, Tae Sun; Bahk, Young‐Mi; Han, Sang-Hoon; Choi, Geunchang; Rhie, Jiyeah; Jeong, Jeeyoon; Kim, Dai‐Sik

doi:10.1364/oe.23.014937

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…26 Enhanced uorescence of molecules coupled to Ag-islands has been studied in, 27 whereas uorescence quenching of dye molecules or colloidal CdSe quantum dots in the closest vicinity of metallic surfaces has also been identied to act signicantly on the emitters' decay dynamics. 28,29 Hence it is important to separate the emitters from the metallic layers via a non-conducting spacer (For example,…”

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Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

et al. 2018

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Atomic monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides represent an emerging material platform for the implementation of ultra compact quantum light emitters via strain engineering. In this framework, we discuss experimental results on creation of strain induced single photon sources using a WSe 2 monolayer on a silver substrate, coated with a very thin dielectric layer. We identify quantum emitters which are formed at various locations in the sample. The emission is highly linearly polarized, stable in linewidth and decay times down to 100 ps are observed. We provide numerical calculations of our monolayer-metal device platform to assess the strength of the radiative decay 1 rate enhancement by the presence of the plasmonic structure. We believe, that our results represent a crucial step towards the ultra-compact integration of high performance single photon sources in nanoplasmonic devices and circuits.Single photon sources are considered as a key building block for quantum networks, quantum communications and optical quantum information processing. 15 To fully harness the properties of such non-classical light sources, core requirements include their long-term stability, 6,7 brightness 811 and scalability in the fabrication process. Recently, quantum light emission from inorganic two dimensional layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) 1216 has been demonstrated. While the nanoscopic origin of tight exciton localization is still to be explored, engineering the morphology of carrier substrates and thus the strain eld in the monolayers 17 has enabled position control over such quantum emitters. 1820 One outstanding problem, which we address in this report, is the emission enhancement of such quantum emitters in atomic monolayers. The layered nature of the materials and their intrinsic robustness with regard to open surfaces (due to absence of dangling bonds) naturally puts plasmonic approaches in the focus of interest. A single dipole emitter close to a plasmonic nanoparticle, which act as an optical antenna, 21,22 experience a modied photonic mode density, leading to enhanced radiative decay rates and thus a spontaneous emission enhancement. The enhanced intensity results from an amplied electric eld intensity due to localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles. 18,23,24 Plasmonic tuning of the optical properties of molecules, such as dyes close to a metal surface is a topic which is subject to investigations since the 1980s. Pronounced coupling phenomena of dye molecules with surface plasmon resonances in ultra-thin silver lms has been shown via luminescence and absorption studies, 25 as well as resonant transmission. 26 Enhanced uorescence of molecules coupled to Ag-islands has been studied in, 27 whereas uorescence quenching of dye molecules or colloidal CdSe quantum dots in the closest vicinity of metallic surfaces has also been identied to act signicantly on the emitters' decay dynamics. 28,29 Hence it is important to separate the emitters from the metallic layers via a non-conduct...

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Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

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“…These results pave the way to the high throughput and low cost fabrication of nanoscale light sources and arrays thereof. Furthermore, these coplanar structures are ideal test beds for novel light-emitting nanomaterials, such as quantum dots [25] and 2D materials [26], which usually require coplanar rather than vertical electrodes. Finally, better understanding of the operation mechanism will enable optimisation of the PLED performance to satisfy the requirements posed by the respective application.…”

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Flexible nanogap polymer light-emitting diodes fabricated via adhesion lithography (a-Lith)

et al. 2018

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We report the development of coplanar green colour organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on asymmetric nanogap electrodes fabricated on different substrates including glass and plastic. Using adhesion lithography (a-Lith) we pattern Al and Au layers acting as the cathode and anode electrodes, respectively, separated by an inter-electrode distance of <15 nm with an aspect ratio of up to 10 6 . Spin-coating the organic light-emitting polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (F8T2) on top of the asymmetric Al-Au nanogap electrodes results in green light-emitting nanogap OLEDs with promising operating characteristics. We show that the scaling of the OLED's width from 4 to 200 mm can substantially improve the light output of the device without any adverse effects on the manufacturing yield. Furthermore, it is found that the light-emitting properties in the nanogap area differ from the bulk organic film, an effect attributed to confinement of the conjugated polymer chains in the nanogap channel. These results render a-Lith particularly attractive for low cost facile fabrication of nanoscale light-emitting sources and arrays on different substrates of arbitrary size.Nanometer-sized polymer light-emitting diodes (n-PLEDs) have been proposed as light sources in subwavelength scanning near-field optical microscopes as well as in nanoscale photo-patterning to create simultaneously a large number of identical patterns [1,2]. Their unique advantages are colour tunability, versatility in geometrical pattern selection and ease of manufacturing of nanostructured arrays using low cost solution processing on substrates of arbitrary size and shape [3]. From an operational standpoint, miniaturised light-emitting diodes are advantageous to larger area ones, as higher current densities can be sustained thanks to efficient dissipation of Joule heating [4,5]. Indeed a suppression of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) rolloff characteristics has been observed upon narrowing the current injection/transport area down to 50 nm [6]. These developments led to demonstration of low threshold amplified spontaneous emission in light-emitting polymer films [7], which could pave the way to the realisation of electrically pumped organic lasers [8]. Further progress has, however, been hindered by manufacturing challenges, as shadow masking and conventional photolithography cannot produce nanometer-sized electrode feature between different metals, and e-beam lithography is not suitable for upscale while it is often limited to a single electrode material. We have recently introduced adhesion lithography (a-Lith) technique as a viable alternative for the scalable sub-15 nm patterning of asymmetric, i.e. of different work function, coplanar metal electrodes on large area flexible substrates [9]. The asymmetric nature of the electrodes, which is difficult to obtain with other common nanopatterning techniques, allows for a range of electronic nanogap devices to be created via simply depositing a single layer of active material on top of d...

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“…Tripathi et al 133 developed self-assembled lithography process by which they fabricated quantum dots (QDs) nanogap metamaterials ( Fig. 5).…”

Section: Thz-fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoantenna enhanced terahertz interaction of biomolecules

Adak

Tripathi

2019

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Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a non-invasive, non-contact and label-free technique for biological and chemical sensing as THz-spectra is less energetic and lies in the characteristic vibration frequency regime of proteins and DNA molecules. However, THz-TDS is less sensitive for detection of micro-organisms of size equal to or less than λ/100 (where, λ is wavelength of incident THz wave) and, molecules in extremely low concentrated solutions (like, a few femtomolar). After successful high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures, nanoantennas and metamaterials were found to be indispensable in enhancing the sensitivity of conventional THz-TDS. These nanostructures lead to strong THz field enhancement which when in resonance with absorption spectrum of absorptive molecules, causing significant changes in the magnitude of the transmission spectrum, therefore, enhancing the sensitivity and allowing detection of molecules and biomaterials in extremely low concentrated solutions. Hereby, we review the recent developments in ultra-sensitive and selective nanogap biosensors. We have also provided an in-depth review of various high-throughput nanofabrication techniques. We also discussed the physics behind the field enhancements in sub-skin depth as well as sub-nanometer sized nanogaps. We introduce finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations tools to study THz biomolecular interactions. Finally, we provide a comprehensive account of nanoantenna enhanced sensing of viruses (like, H1N1) and biomolecules such as artificial sweeteners which are addictive and carcinogenic. CONTENTS

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Quantum dots-nanogap metamaterials fabrication by self-assembly lithography and photoluminescence studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

Flexible nanogap polymer light-emitting diodes fabricated via adhesion lithography (a-Lith)

Nanoantenna enhanced terahertz interaction of biomolecules

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Quantum dots-nanogap metamaterials fabrication by self-assembly lithography and photoluminescence studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe2 Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe2 Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

Flexible nanogap polymer light-emitting diodes fabricated via adhesion lithography (a-Lith)

Nanoantenna enhanced terahertz interaction of biomolecules

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Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces

Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces