A recent
development in quantum chemistry has established the quantum
mutual information between orbitals as a major descriptor of electronic
structure. This has already facilitated remarkable improvements in
numerical methods and may lead to a more comprehensive foundation
for chemical bonding theory. Building on this promising development,
our work provides a refined discussion of quantum information theoretical
concepts by introducing the physical correlation and its separation
into classical and quantum parts as distinctive quantifiers of electronic
structure. In particular, we succeed in quantifying the entanglement.
Intriguingly, our results for different molecules reveal that the
total correlation between orbitals is mainly classical, raising questions
about the general significance of entanglement in chemical bonding.
Our work also shows that implementing the fundamental particle number
superselection rule, so far not accounted for in quantum chemistry,
removes a major part of correlation and entanglement seen previously.
In that respect, realizing quantum information processing tasks with
molecular systems might be more challenging than anticipated.