Quantum cryptographic device using single-photon phase modulation

Mérolla, Jean-Marc; Mazurenko, Yu. T.; Goedgebuer, J.-P.; Duraffourg, Laurent; Porte, H.; Rhodes, William T.

doi:10.1103/physreva.60.1899

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…757 route provides a sound footing to several theories of quantum phase modulation based on the sideband generation picture [25,29,62]. From that, a general phase modulation operator for arbitrary driving function can be defined.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Capmany

Fernández-Pousa

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Many components that are employed in quantum information and communication systems are well known photonic devices encountered in standard optical fiber communication systems, such as optical beamsplitters, waveguide couplers and junctions, electro-optic modulators and optical fiber links. The use of these photonic devices is becoming increasingly important especially in the context of their possible integration either in a specifically designed system or in an already deployed end-to-end fiber link. Whereas the behavior of these devices is well known under the classical regime, in some cases their operation under quantum conditions is less well understood. This paper reviews the salient features of the quantum scattering theory describing both the operation of the electro-optic phase and amplitude modulators in discrete and continuousmode formalisms. This subject is timely and of importance in light of the increasing utilization of these devices in a variety of systems, including quantum key distribution and single-photon wavepacket measurement and conformation. In addition, the paper includes a tutorial development of the use of these models in selected but yet important applications, such as single and multitone modulation of photons, two-photon interference with phase-modulated light or the description of amplitude modulation as a quantum operation.

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Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in FC [25,29] or SCM-QKD [30] systems the input are in coherent states, so that the analogy with the classical calculus is more apparent.…”

Section: Low-index Multitone and Cascaded Single-tone Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Capmany

Fernández-Pousa

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…In this regard, the use of the frequency degree of freedom of the optical radiation offers the possibility of employing standard telecom, highly reconfigurable hardware, to implement at quantum level procedures involving linear-optic networks. Frequency modes have been used as the natural basis for frequency-coded quantum key distribution [10], [11] and its SCM/WDM generalizations [12] at addressing rates in the MHz range, and can also be used to reproduce standard quantum-optical effects such as two-photon interference [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of Single-Photon Frequency-Domain Qubit Channels Using Phase Modulators

Capmany

Fernández-Pousa

2012

IEEE Photonics J.

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In a recent paper, [4] have developed a scheme for the stochastic implementation of arbitrary quantum operations on multimode single-photon qudit states by using reconfigurable linear-optic systems. Based on this idea, we explore the use of phase modulation for the realization of qubit channels in the frequency basis. Single-photon states belonging to two different frequency modes differing by the modulator's driving frequency represent the input dual-rail qubit states. The channel is implemented by a phase modulator followed by a fiber Bragg grating, taking advantage of the high degree of reconfigurability and microwave bandwidth shown by electrooptic modulation technology. The channels are realized by a combination of three techniques: 1) suitably designed driving waveforms, which are probabilistically addressed to the modulator; 2) the corresponding addressing probabilities; and 3) the grating transmittance at the values of the frequency basis. The proposed scheme results in nonoptimal success probabilities but is shown to allow for a compact implementation of the conventional qubit random unitary channels and the qubit amplitude-damping channel.

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“…The crystal remains uniaxial for the optical field propagating along the axis of the crystal [1]. Recently, the quantum theory of the phase modulator has received further development in relation to problems of quantum cryptography based on phase coding protocol [2] and on subcarrier frequencies [3][4][5] in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. It was noted in [16] that, currently, there are several approaches to quantum theory of phase modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Hamiltonian theory of an electro-optical modulator

Miroshnichenko

Gleim

2015

Opt. Spectrosc.

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A Quantum Hamiltonian formalism is proposed for the description of an electro-optical modulator based on the linear Pockels effect. Optical photons interact with photons of a microwave mode in a combined high-Q cavity made of a LiNbO 3 crystal. The microwave photons occupy a coherent state, while optical photons have an arbitrary density matrix. The spectrum of a photodetected modulated signal is analyzed as a function of the frequency of a tunable optical filter. Numerical estimates are obtained, and quantum effects in the spectrum, such as the red shift of the central frequency and sidebands, the possibility of modulation of the optical signal by the microwave field vacuum, and the asymmetry of the intensity of the spectral sidebands, are discussed.

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Quantum cryptographic device using single-photon phase modulation

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Realization of Single-Photon Frequency-Domain Qubit Channels Using Phase Modulators

Quantum Hamiltonian theory of an electro-optical modulator

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