Quantum Control of Population Transfer and Vibrational States via Chirped Pulses in Four Level Density Matrix Equations

Afa, Iduabo John; Serrat, Carles

doi:10.3390/app6110351

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…While, the other treatments where the combined bat guano and fermented plant juice have 7.89±0.54SE fruits per plant, the combined chicken dung and fermented plant juice have 5.5±0.54SE fruits per plant, and on the other hand, the combined chicken dung and fermented seaweed produced 5.5±0.61SE fruits per plant As a result, the research indicates that combined bat guano and fermented seaweed enhanced the number of fruits from the second harvest compared to plants that received the appropriate rate of inorganic fertilizer. It is consistent with the findings of (Afa 2016) [36] and (Karimou et al, 2020) [12] that the used of bat guano enhanced the number of fruits on the berries plant attributed to the macro elements and microelements found in bat guano. Fermented seaweed enhanced the number of fruits due to plant cytokinin, gibberellin, trace elements, vitamins and microelements in the seaweed (Shah et al, 2013) [37] .…”

Section: Number Of Fruits Per Sample Plantsupporting

confidence: 92%

Combined organic fertilizer application improved growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Anuada,

Pascual,

Carabio

2021

Int. J. Res. Agron.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Cebu Technological University-Barili Campus compound from April-June. The study determine the effect of combined organic fertilizer application on the growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as to height, days to flowering, number of flowers, days to first harvest, fruit per plant, and fruit weight. The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the combined bat guano and fermented seaweed fertilizer produced the tallest plants at, 55.06±3.81SE cm. The earliest plants to produce flower were those treated with combined bat guano and fermented plant juice at 28.17±0.27SE days after transplanting. Also, combined bat guano and fermented plant juice significantly produced 11.33 ±0.57SE more flower per plant gathered after 45 days from transplanting. Moreover, these plants had the highest number of fruits 9.39 ±0.51SE at first harvest. Furthermore, yield parameters of cherry tomato plants treated with combined bat guano and fermented seaweed is doubled 509±0.20SE g total yield compared to the recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (229±0.68). Based on the study's findings, the combined bat guano and fermented seaweed seem to promote growth at 55.06±3.81SE cm tall compared to the recommended rate fertilizer 39.61±3.6 SE cm. Furthermore, the combined bat guano and fermented seaweed improved the yield of cherry tomato at 509±0.20SEg two times heavier compared to the recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer 229±0.68SE g. Thus, 500kg/ha of bat guano and 500L/ha of fermented seaweed is recommended for growers of cherry tomatoes.

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Section: Number Of Fruits Per Sample Plantsupporting

confidence: 92%

Combined organic fertilizer application improved growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Anuada,

Pascual,

Carabio

2021

Int. J. Res. Agron.

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“…These systems possess important biological activities and are used in photochemistry and photobiology. We introduce the required parameters in equations as bellow 24 . Transitional dipole coupling coefficients and peak amplitude of field are set , , respectively.…”

Section: Model and Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitive label-free optical sensor based on Goos–Hänchen effect by the single chirped laser pulse

Benam

Sahrai

Bonab

2020

Sci Rep

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We consider a four-level molecular system with two ground-state vibrational levels and two excited-state vibrational levels inside a constant cavity configuration. We discuss the reflected and transmitted Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of a positive and negative single-chirped laser pulse. The impacts of the laser field detuning, intensity of applied laser field, and appropriately tuning the chirp rate on GH shifts are then analyzed. It is also found that this sensor is very sensitive to the refractive index of the intracavity medium, which can coherently be controlled by the medium parameters. The results show that such a sensor can be most effective for detecting biological molecules with low concentration than the large number density, where a bit variation in the concentration of sample will lead to a great variation on the GH shifts.

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“…Practical examples are applications to statistical thermodynamics, where the distribution of molecules is due to Boltzmann probability function and thus, the molecules could initially be in different states [2,80,81]. Another example is complex systems like Oxazine [82,83], where its modes could be summarized into fewer active modes and large number of reservoir modes.…”

Section: Properties Of the Density Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast quantum control of atoms and molecules : a density matrix approach

Afa

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Control is important for transferring theoretical scientific knowledge into practical technology for applications in numerous fields. This is why coherent control study is significant on every timescale to have a complete understanding of dynamic processes that occur on the electron, atomic and molecular levels. As a result, numerous schemes have been proposed to carry out effective quantum control of diverse systems and study the dynamics of these systems based on their natural timescales from the picoseconds (10-12 s), femtosecond (10-15 s) to attosecond (10-18 s) regimes. The goals of these various studies depend on the desired application, for instance in Photochemistry a long standing objective is achieving selective population transfer from an initial state to a desired target state with little or no diminution in the energy transferred. In quantum computation, a central issue is the excitation of unoccupied Rydberg states with numerous proposals for its use in the design and implementation of robust fast quantum gates. Also, since the advent of the generation of attosecond XUV pulses, doors have been opened for achieving control of atomic-scale electron dynamics and observing them in real-time. This thesis explores the modelling of dynamical light-matter interaction processes, like effective population inversion and generation of vibrational coherences in atoms and molecules, on their fundamental timescales using the density matrix (DM) theory under and beyond the rotating wave approximation (RWA). The thesis begins by introducing the concept of coherent control of simple quantum systems based on the DM formalism and expands the application to a more complex Oxazine system. Multiphoton p-pulse scheme is demonstrated for the control of population transfer in multilevel systems, for example with a trichromatic p-pulse having a set of areas v3 p, 2p and v3 p, complete population transfer in a four level system can be achieved. The aforementioned scheme is used to achieve effective control of low-lying Rydberg states in rubidium atoms, demonstrating how the effective control can be crucially affected by numerous physical processes. One main advantage of the density matrix approach over other theoretical approaches is that it allows the possibility of easily computing relaxation terms and other physical parameters critical to successful coherent control. The DM formalism is shown to be successful in properly describing the enhancement effects in atoms and complex molecular systems. It is robust in coherent control and quantum control spectroscopy (QCS) schemes and is extendable to numerous systems and geometric configurations. In the last part of the thesis, experiments on laser dressing processes in attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy are compared to numerical simulations using the DM analysis beyond the RWA. The research in this thesis opens a pathway to numerous studies using the DM formalism for applications in diverse fields of femtochemistry, attophysics, high precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing. El control quàntic coherent és important per transferir coneixement científic teòric a la tecnologia, per a aplicacions en nombrosos camps. Per aquest motiu, l'estudi del control coherent és significatiu a totes les escales de temps, per comprendre de manera completa els processos dinàmics que es produeixen en els nivells electrònics, atòmics i moleculars. Com a resultat, s'han proposat nombrosos esquemes per dur a terme un control quàntic eficient de diversos sistemes i estudiar la dinàmica d'aquests sistemes basant-se en les seves escales de temps naturals, des dels picosegons (10-12 s), femtosegons (10-15 s) fins a règims d'attosegons (10-18 s). Els objectius d'aquests estudis depenen de l'aplicació desitjada, per exemple, en fotoquímica, un objectiu buscat extensivament és aconseguir una transferència selectiva de la població des d'un estat inicial fins a un estat final desitjat, amb poca o cap disminució de l'energia transferida. En computació quàntica, un tema central és l'excitació dels estats desocupats de Rydberg, amb nombroses propostes per al seu ús en el disseny i implementació de portes quàntiques robustes i ràpides. A més, des de l'arribada de la generació de polsos XUV d'attosegons, s'han obert camins per aconseguir el control de la dinàmica electrònica a escala atòmica i observar-la en temps real. Aquesta tesi explora la modelització de processos dinàmics d'interacció llum-matèria, com ara la inversió efectiva de població i la generació de coherències vibracionals en àtoms i molècules, en les seves escales de temps fonamentals, utilitzant la teoria de la matriu densitat (MD), en l'aproximació d'ona rotant (RWA) i més enllà. La tesi comença introduint el concepte de control coherent de sistemes quàntics simples basats en el formalisme de MD i amplia l'aplicació a un sistema més complexes, com ara oxazines. Es demostra l'esquema multifotó amb polsos p per al control de la transferència de població en sistemes multinivell, per exemple, amb un pols p-tricromàtic que té un conjunt d'àrees v3 p, 2p i v3 p, amb el qual la transferència completa de població en un sistema de quatre nivells pot ser aconseguit. L'esquema esmentat s'utilitza per aconseguir un control eficient d'estats de Rydberg en àtoms de rubidi, i es mostra com aquest control pot ser afectat crucialment per nombrosos processos físics. Un avantatge principal de l'estudi de la matriu densitat comparat amb altres enfocaments teòrics és que permet la possibilitat de computar fàcilment els termes de relaxació i altres paràmetres físics crítics per a un control coherent efectiu. Es demostra que el formalisme de la MD és exitós per descriure correctament l'amplificació d'efectes tant en àtoms com en sistemes moleculars més complexos. El formalisme de la MD és robust en esquemes de control coherent i d'espectroscòpia quàntica i és extensible a nombrosos sistemes i configuracions. En la darrera part de la tesi, es comparen experiments realitzats sobre processos de "vestiment" amb làsers intensos en espectroscòpia d'absorció transitòria d'attosegon amb simulacions numèriques utilitzant l'anàlisi de MD més enllà de la RWA. La recerca en aquesta tesi obre un camí a nombrosos estudis utilitzant el formalisme de MD per a aplicacions en diversos camps de femtoquímica, attofísica, espectroscòpia d'alta precisió i processament d'informació quàntica.

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Quantum Control of Population Transfer and Vibrational States via Chirped Pulses in Four Level Density Matrix Equations

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Combined organic fertilizer application improved growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Combined organic fertilizer application improved growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

High sensitive label-free optical sensor based on Goos–Hänchen effect by the single chirped laser pulse

Ultrafast quantum control of atoms and molecules : a density matrix approach

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