Quantum Computing Platforms: Assessing the Impact on Quality Attributes and SDLC Activities

Sodhi, Balwinder; Kapur, Ritu

doi:10.1109/icsa51549.2021.00016

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In a previous study, 17 Sodhi considers state‐of‐the‐art quantum computing platforms (QCPs) to identify all relevant characteristics from a software architecture perspective. By this means, the general architecture and typical programming model of a QCP are specified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principles and practices of SE have already been considered in several stages of the quantum software lifecycle such as analysis 13 and design, 14 maintenance and reengineering, 15,16 or the impact of QC in software systems' quality attributes 17 . The Talavera Manifesto 18 states the belief that QSE is a necessary contribution to the success of QC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum software testing: State of the art

Barrera

Guzmán

Polo

et al. 2021

J Software Evolu Process

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Quantum computing is expected to exponentially outperform classic computing on a broad set of problems, including encryption, machine learning, and simulations. It has an impact yet to explore on all software lifecycle's processes and techniques. Testing quantum software raises a significant number of challenges due to the unique properties of quantum physics-such as superposition and entanglementand the stochastic behavior of quantum systems. It is, therefore, an open research issue. In this work, we offer a systematic mapping study of quantum software testing engineering, presenting a comprehensive view of the current state of the art. The main identified trends in testing techniques are (1) the statistic approaches based on repeated measurements and (2) the use of Hoare-like logics to reason about software correctness.Another relevant line of research is reversible circuit testing, which is partially applicable to quantum software unitary testing. Finally, we have observed a flourishing of secondary studies and frameworks supporting testing processes from 2018 onwards. | INTRODUCTIONQuantum computing (QC) processes information using quantum mechanics principles. In comparison to classic computing (CC), this paradigm has the potential to solve specific problems with exponential speedup. 1 QC has a wide number of applications and is expected to outperform CC in two particular kinds of computations 2 :• Applications that involve large amounts of parallel computing such as encryption, 3 big data, 4 optimization, 5 or machine learning. 6• Simulation of quantum natural phenomena, such as chemistry, 7 physics, 8 and materials science. 9With the growing accessibility of quantum computers and simulators, many concerns have arisen related to quantum software and its lifecycle and quality. Quantum software will be developed in a large-scale industrial context in the same way that classic software is nowadays produced. This implies that quantum software must be developed, operated, and maintained in a systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable manner; that is, quantum software development must be supported by a yet nonexisting body of knowledge on quantum software engineering (QSE) that must be developed to avoid a quantum software crisis. Some authors have already voiced the need to "build a community for QSE that focuses on devising methods, tools, and processes for developing quantum software systems efficiently" 10 and the need for an agenda that sets out a solid, rigorous software engineering (SE) discipline for quantum systems. 11 Others are convinced that QC could bring a "new SE golden age", 12 identifying several priority areas to be developed in QSE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum software testing: State of the art

Barrera

Guzmán

Polo

et al. 2021

J Software Evolu Process

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show abstract

“…Superposition: In the quantum mechanics context, the superposition principle is the idea that a system (or an atomic particle) is in all possible states at the same time, until it is measured [51]; after measurement, it then falls to one of the basis states that form the superposition, thus destroying the original configuration. Such phenomenon is applied to the qubits, so that, a qubit can take, in addition to the basic states 0 and 1, a set of states resulting from the linear combination of the basic states [8,52].…”

Section: Figure 5 Concepts Of Quantum Mechanics Involved In Quantum C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Foundations of Quantum Computing and Their Relation to Software Engineering

Juárez-Ramírez,

Navarro-Cota,

Jiménez

et al. 2024

Proceedings of ISP RAS

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The principles of quantum mechanics – superposition, entanglement, measurement, and decoherence – form the foundation of quantum computing. Qubits, which are abstract objects having a mathematical expression to implement the rules of quantum physics, are the fundamental building blocks of computation. Software is a key component of quantum computing, along with quantum hardware. Algorithms make up software, and they are implemented using logic gates and quantum circuits. These qualities make quantum computing a paradigm that non-physicists find difficult to comprehend. It is crucial to incorporate a conceptual framework of the principles upon which quantum computing is founded into this new method of creating software. In this paper, we present a kind of taxonomical view of the fundamental concepts of quantum computing and the derived concepts that integrate the emerging discipline of quantum software engineering. Because the systematic review's main goal is to identify the core ideas behind quantum computing and quantum software, we conducted a quasi-systematic mapping as part of the review process. The findings can serve as a starting point for computer science teachers and students to address the study of this field.

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“…Another study [39] gathers a dataset of 36 bugs in Qiskit and identifies crashes and wrong outputs as the most common manifestation of bugs, which is exactly what MorphQ focuses on. Sodhi and Kapur [27] study quality attributes of these platforms and discuss challenges faced by platform developers. All these studies motivate work on testing quantum computing platforms.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

MorphQ: Metamorphic Testing of the Qiskit Quantum Computing Platform

Paltenghi¹,

Pradel²

2022

Preprint

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As quantum computing is becoming increasingly popular, the underlying quantum computing platforms are growing both in ability and complexity. This growth may cause bugs in the platforms, which hinders the adoption of quantum computing. Unfortunately, testing quantum computing platforms is challenging due to the relatively small number of existing quantum programs and because of the oracle problem, i.e., a lack of specifications of the expected behavior of programs. This paper presents MorphQ, the first metamorphic testing approach for quantum computing platforms. Our two key contributions are (i) a program generator that creates a large and diverse set of valid (i.e., non-crashing) quantum programs, and (ii) set of program transformations that exploit quantum-specific metamorphic relationships to alleviate the oracle problem. Evaluating the approach by testing the popular Qiskit platform shows that the approach creates over 50k program pairs within two days, many of which expose crashes. Inspecting the crashes, we find twelve bugs, eight of which have already been confirmed. MorphQ widens the slim portfolio of testing techniques of quantum computing platforms, helping to create a reliable software stack for this increasingly important field.

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Quantum Computing Platforms: Assessing the Impact on Quality Attributes and SDLC Activities

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Quantum software testing: State of the art

Quantum software testing: State of the art

The Foundations of Quantum Computing and Their Relation to Software Engineering

MorphQ: Metamorphic Testing of the Qiskit Quantum Computing Platform

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