Quantum Computing: Circuits, Algorithms, and Applications

Abstract

Quantum computing, a transformative field that emerged from quantum mechanics and computer science, has gained immense attention for its potential to revolutionize computation. This paper aims to address the fundamentals of quantum computing and provide a comprehensive guide for both novices and experts in the field of quantum computing. Beginning with the foundational principles of quantum computing, we introduce readers to the fundamental concepts of qubits, superposition, entanglement, interference, and noise. We explore quantum hardware, quantum gates, and basic quantum circuits. This study offers insight into the current phase of quantum computing, including the noisy intermediatescale quantum (NISQ) era and its potential for solving real-world problems. Furthermore, we discuss the development of quantum algorithms and their applications, with a focus on famous algorithms like Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm. We also touch upon quantum computing's impact on various industries, such as cryptography, optimization, machine learning, and material science. By the end of this paper, readers will have a solid understanding of quantum computing's principles, applications, and the steps involved in developing quantum circuits. Our goal is to provide a valuable resource for those eager to embark on their quantum computing journey and for researchers looking to stay updated on this rapidly evolving field.

Quantum Computing Applications for Addressing Global Warming and Pollution: A Comprehensive Analysis

“…By exploiting superposition, quantum algorithms can explore vast solution spaces exponentially faster, potentially revolutionizing fields like drug discovery, materials science, and financial modelling [3], [4]. Entanglement, meanwhile, fuels optimization techniques promising solutions to intricate problems in resource management, logistics, and artificial intelligence, including the very challenges of mitigating climate change and pollution [5].…”

“…Grover's Search, for example, can find solutions in databases exponentially faster with applications in drug discovery and machine learning [8]. Quantum optimization algorithms like Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) excel in tackling complex problems in logistics and materials design [5], [9]. Quantum Phase Estimation even allows simulating complex systems like molecules and markets [3].…”