Quantum chemical determination of molecular geometries and spectral investigation of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide

Vidhya, V.; Austine, A.; Arivazhagan, M.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02365

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…They were calculated at constant temperature and pressure of about and respectively. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters is important in the estimation of the outcome of a chemical reaction [41]. Our findings show that halogen substitutions to the structure of P3HT improved the molar heat capacity (Cv) and entropy of the molecule compared to the isolated one which confirms that the charge dynamics of the doped molecules are higher than its original molecule at the same temperature [42].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Mono-Halogen-Substitution on the Electronic and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) for Solar Cell Applications: A DFT Approach

Maigari

Suleiman²,

Gidado³

et al. 2022

JENRR

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Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) with the acronym P3HT and its derivatives are p-type conjugated semiconductor polymers that have been proved to be good organic semiconductors. They have several applications in many areas, such as photovoltaic systems, organic light-emitting diodes, and so on. The instability of organic molecules under ambient conditions is one factor deterring the commercialization of such organic semiconductor devices. Here we present a theoretical study using density functional theory (DFT) approach with Gaussian 09 and GaussView 5.0, to investigate the effects of halogens (Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine and Iodine) on the electronic and nonlinear optical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). This is to enable us to address the issue of instability in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles of the mono-halogenated molecules were found to be less than that of the isolated Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). Iodine doped P3HT was found to be the most stable amongst the studied molecule for having the least bond angles and bond lengths. The calculated band gap for iodine doped P3HT and fluorine doped P3HT were observed to have the lowest energy gap of 3.519 eV and 3.545 eV respectively thus proving that iodine doped P3H is the most stable and this makes it more suitable for photovoltaic applications. The molecule with the highest value of chemical hardness was obtained to be the isolated P3HT with a chemical hardness of 1.937eV. This is followed by bromine doped P3HT, chlorine doped P3HT, fluorine doped P3HT and iodine doped P3HT with values as 1.925 eV, 1.813 eV, 1.773 eV, and 1.7595 eV respectively. All the substituted molecules results were found to be more reactive than their isolated form for having lower values of chemical hardness. The results for the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties show that the first-order hyper-polarizability of chlorine doped P3HT and iodine doped P3HT as and respectively were found to be about eight times more than that of the urea value (0.3728 x10-30 esu), which is commonly used for the comparison of NLO properties with other materials. This makes them very good NLO materials. The open circuit voltage was also calculated. The highest values of the calculated open circuit voltage were found to be (PCBM C60) in chloroP3HT and 1.3134 eV (PCBM C60) in flouroP3HT. The results of the IR frequency show that the doped molecules are more stable than the isolated molecule. Zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE), total entropy (S) and molar heat capacity (Cv) were also calculated and presented. We also observe that the entropy and heat capacity of the doped materials are higher than those of the original molecule, which confirms that the charge dynamics of the doped molecules are higher than those of the original molecule at the same temperature. This result further demonstrates that these doped materials have a high chemical reactivity and a high thermal resistivity, hence their application in the fields of organic electronics. By and large the overall results confirm that there is a good electron transfer within the doped molecules which makes them have potential applications in photovoltaic devices.

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Section: Thermodynamic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of Mono-Halogen-Substitution on the Electronic and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) for Solar Cell Applications: A DFT Approach

Maigari

Suleiman²,

Gidado³

et al. 2022

JENRR

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“…MESP map, the pictorial representation of electronic activity in a molecule, is drawn by plotting the electrostatic potential over an ED isosurface ( Vijayalakshmi and Suresh, 2010 ). This map displays the molecular shape and size in terms of the positive (blue; electron-deficient), negative (red; electron-rich), and neutral (green) regions ( Vijayalakshmi and Suresh, 2010 ) and further investigates the molecular structure by correlating the hydrogen-bonding interactions and physicochemical property relationship ( Vidhya et al, 2019 ). In the MESP map, the red and blue colors denote the minimum and maximum electrostatic potential regions, which indicate the electron-donating and electron-accepting abilities for a given molecule, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of Nicotinamide-Oxalic Acid Salt: Hydrogen Bonding, AIM and NBO Analysis

et al. 2022

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The computational modeling supported with experimental results can explain the overall structural packing by predicting the hydrogen bond interactions present in any cocrystals (active pharmaceutical ingredients + coformer) as well as salts. In this context, the hydrogen bonding synthons, physiochemical properties (chemical reactivity and stability), and drug-likeliness behavior of proposed nicotinamide–oxalic acid (NIC–OXA) salt have been reported by using vibrational spectroscopic signatures (IR and Raman spectra) and quantum chemical calculations. The NIC–OXA salt was prepared by reactive crystallization method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used for the characterization and validation of NIC–OXA salt. The spectroscopic signatures revealed that (N7–H8)/(N23–H24) of the pyridine ring of NIC, (C═O), and (C–O) groups of OXA were forming the intermolecular hydrogen bonding (N–H⋯O–C), (C–H⋯O═C), and (N–H⋯O═C), respectively, in NIC–OXA salt. Additionally, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) showed that (C10–H22⋯O1) and (C26–H38⋯O4) are two unconventional hydrogen bonds present in NIC–OXA salt. Also, the natural bond orbital analysis was performed to find the charge transfer interactions and revealed the strongest hydrogen bonds (N7–H8⋯O5)/(N23–H24⋯O2) in NIC–OXA salt. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis suggested more reactivity and less stability of NIC–OXA salt in comparison to NIC–CA cocrystal and NIC. The global and local reactivity descriptors calculated and predicted that NIC–OXA salt is softer than NIC–CA cocrystal and NIC. From MESP of NIC–OXA salt, it is clear that electrophilic (N7–H8)/(N23–H24), (C6═O4)/(C3═O1) and nucleophilic (C10–H22)/(C26–H38), (C6–O5)/(C3–O2) reactive groups in NIC and OXA, respectively, neutralize after the formation of NIC–OXA salt, confirming the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions (N7–H8⋯O5–C6) and (N23–H24⋯O2–C3). Lipinski’s rule was applied to check the activeness of salt as an orally active form. The results shed light on several features of NIC–OXA salt that can further lead to the improvement in the physicochemical properties of NIC.

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“…The Mulliken population analysis influences several molecule attributes, such as dipole moment, electronic structure, and other chemical system properties. The distribution of positive and negative charges has a significant impact on the length of the connection between the atoms [35,36] . The atomic charge on the C6H4S4 compound is negative (1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C) and positive (7S, 8S, 9S, 10S), with the full atomic charge on hydrogen atoms being positive.…”

Section: Mulliken Population Analysis and Fukui Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study for Chemical Reactivity Descriptors of Tetrathiafulvalene in gas phase and solvent phases based on Density Functional Theory

Shahab

Husain

2021

PJBAS

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The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of solvent polarity on the frontier molecular orbitals energy gap and global chemical reactivity of Tetrathiafulvalene in order to understand the stability and reactivity of Tetrathiafulvalene in a different solvent medium. Density functional theory with (B3LYP/6-311++G) basis set was used to perform a variety of calculations in both the gas and solvent phases. Besides dipole moment, Mulliken charge distribution, and thermodynamic properties were calculated in five solvent phases namely (water, acetone, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and benzene). The calculations were carried out using the Gaussian 09 software, and the results showed that the solvents have an effect on the optimized parameters. Moreover, Mulliken population analysis, and local reactivity as Fukui Functions (FFs) from the natural bond orbitals (NBO) charges are computed to understand the electrophile, nucleophile region, and chemical activity of the title molecule. The dipole moment in gas phase and solvent medium is 0.00 Debye. Also, it was observed that the global chemical reactivity parameters change depending on the molecular structure and polarity of the solvents. Tetrathiafulvalene molecule was observed to have greater stability (low reactivity) in the water solvent with an EHOMO-ELUMO energy gap of 3.946 eV while it has higher reactivity (low stability) in the gas phase with EHOMO-ELUMO energy gap of 3.872eV. finally, this result indicates that Tetrathiafulvalene is an excellent candidate for future studies of semiconductor and optoelectronic materials.

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Quantum chemical determination of molecular geometries and spectral investigation of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of Mono-Halogen-Substitution on the Electronic and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) for Solar Cell Applications: A DFT Approach

Effects of Mono-Halogen-Substitution on the Electronic and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) for Solar Cell Applications: A DFT Approach

Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of Nicotinamide-Oxalic Acid Salt: Hydrogen Bonding, AIM and NBO Analysis

Theoretical Study for Chemical Reactivity Descriptors of Tetrathiafulvalene in gas phase and solvent phases based on Density Functional Theory

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