Quantum-Cascade Lasers in Atmospheric Optical Communication Lines: Challenges and Prospects (Review)

Abramov, P. I.; Бударин, А. С.; Кузнецов, Е. В.; Skvortsov, L A

doi:10.1007/s10812-020-01041-y

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Aside from the computational power that can be had with quantum computers, quantum physics also provide the next generation of energy-based medical treatments. On this front, a different type of lasers that work around the fundamental principles of quantum physics has already been developed-quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) [41][42][43][44]. Unlike conventional lasers that utilized electrons and holes, QCL exclusively uses electrons making it unipolar.…”

Section: Quantum Cascade Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, wave lengths used for medical applications ranges from ultra violet (UV), visible and mid-infrared (IR). Quantum cascade lasers are capable of covering mid-IR (3-5 μm) wavelengths and terahertz frequencies (300 GHz-10 THz) making it more ideal due to higher penetration and suitable absorption spectra for biological tissues [41,[43][44][45][46]. This can be controlled to have a selective action on pathological tissues can provide a minimally invasive option for different types of treatments and diagnosis [47,48].…”

Section: Quantum Cascade Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum technology: a beacon of light for next-generation healthcare

Padalhin,

Chung,

Woo

2023

Medical Lasers

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Quantum theory diverges from classical physics by identifying discrete states instead of a continuous spectrum. While quantum phenomena have evolved independently from biology, the fields are converging, particularly in medical science. Understanding quantum principles is crucial for advancing medical technologies, as evidenced by the current developments outlined in selected articles from the past decade. Despite decades of existence, the full realization of the benefits of quantum physics has yet to be achieved. Recent technological advances, rooted in quantum principles, include quantum computers, artificial intelligence (AI) quantum algorithms, quantum-based lasers, and nanoparticles. Quantum computing, a potential foundation for robust infrastructures, faces challenges, such as the need for highly controlled conditions and specialized algorithms, prompting researchers to explore possibilities and pitfalls. Hence, optimizing existing AI tools and exploring quantum computing possibilities are priorities. Advances in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at ambient temperatures and producing hyperspectral images are sought for biomedical applications. Potential breakthroughs in infrared microscopy based on QCL technology could enable the submicron resolutions of molecules. The convergence of quantum physics and biology in medical science is in its early stages. Resolving the challenges in practical quantum technology within its fundamental principles is crucial for future progress.

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Section: Quantum Cascade Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantum Cascade Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum technology: a beacon of light for next-generation healthcare

Padalhin,

Chung,

Woo

2023

Medical Lasers

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“…In free-space optical communication (FSO), the operating wavelength is a key parameter, and it is highly desirable to work in a configuration that is immune to the environmental parameters, such as turbulence, fog or scattering. In order to improve the FSO availability, performance and range, the investigation of the cross-relation between the climatic conditions and the wavelength is highly required [24]. QCLs and ICLs providing high performance in the mid-infrared raised attention because the atmosphere is highly transparent in two domains called mid-infrared (MIR) window between 3-5 µm and long-wave infrared (LWIR) window between 8.5-11 µm [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Space Communication With Directly Modulated Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Devices

Spitz

Didier

Durupt

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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This study deals with the communication capabilities of two kinds of semiconductor lasers emitting in one of the atmosphere transparency windows, around 4 µm. One of these two lasers is a quantum cascade laser and the other one is an interband cascade laser. With the quantum cascade laser, a subsequent attenuation is added to the optical path in order to mimic the attenuation of free-space transmission of several kilometers. Direct electrical modulation is used to transmit the message and two-level formats, non-return-to-zero and return-to-zero, are used and compared in terms of maximum transmission data rate. The sensitivity to optical feedback is also analyzed, as well as the evolution of the error rate when reducing the optical power at the level of the detector. This work provides a novel insight into the development of future secure free-space optical communication links based on midinfrared semiconductor lasers and sheds the light on improvements required to achieve multi-Gbits/s communication with off-the-shelf components.

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