Quantum and Semi-Quantum Lottery: Strategies and Advantages

Abstract

Lottery is a game in which multiple players take chances in the hope of getting some rewards in cash or kind. In addition, from the time of the early civilizations, lottery has also been considered as an apposite method to allocate scarce resources. Technically, any scheme for lottery needs to be fair and secure, but none of the classical schemes for lottery are unconditionally secure and fair. As fairness demands complete unpredictability of the outcome of the lottery, it essentially requires perfect randomness. Quantum mechanics not only guarantees the generation of perfect randomness, it can also provide unconditional security. Motivated by these facts, a set of strategies for performing lottery using different type of quantum resources (e.g., single photon states, and entangled states) are proposed here, and it's established that the proposed strategies leads to unconditionally secure and fair lottery schemes. A scheme for semi-quantum lottery that allows some classical users to participate in the lottery involving quantum resources is also proposed and the merits and demerits of all the proposed schemes are critically analysed. Its also established that the level of security is intrinsically related to the type of quantum resources being utilized. Further, its shown that the proposed schemes can be experimentally realized using currently available technology, and that may herald a new era of commercial lottery.

Anonymous voting scheme using quantum assisted blockchain

“…In fact, voting forms a sub-field of cryptography known as secure multi-party computations in which multiple parties try to compute a joint function over inputs without revealing the individual inputs [11]. Since the advent of quantum cryptographic protocols [24,91] to generate unconditionally secure keys, researchers are continuously working on the related problems of quantum secure multi-party computations [15], such as quantum voting [32,80,84], quantum auction [60,73], private comparison [81,94], quantum lottery [56], in order to develop realistic unconditionally secure protocols. The inherent properties of quantum system provide a perfect platform to propose solutions to the mentioned challenges.…”