Quantized vortices in superfluid helium and atomic Bose– Einstein condensates

Tsubota, Makoto; Kasamatsu, Kenichi; Kobayashi, Michikazu

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585915.003.0003

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 361 publications

(696 reference statements)

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“…For reviews in the context of superfluid helium and cold atomic gases see, e.g., [49][50][51]. The time evolution of an undamped dilute non-relativistic superfluid carrying vortex defects is understood to be well described by the non-linear Schrödinger or Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) [52,53], the classical field equation for the order parameter ψ with Schrödinger-type free and quartic interaction parts.…”

Section: General Considerations On Vortex Dynamics In a Superfluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal fixed point in a holographic superfluid

Ewerz

Gasenzer

Karl

et al. 2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We study the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of a (2 + 1)-dimensional superfluid at finite temperature and chemical potential using its holographic description in terms of a gravitational system in 3 + 1 dimensions. Starting from various initial conditions corresponding to ensembles of vortex defects we numerically evolve the system to long times. At intermediate times the system exhibits Kolmogorov scaling the emergence of which depends on the choice of initial conditions. We further observe a universal latetime regime in which the occupation spectrum and different length scales of the superfluid exhibit scaling behaviour. We study these scaling laws in view of superfluid turbulence and interpret the universal late-time regime as a non-thermal fixed point of the dynamical evolution. In the holographic superfluid the non-thermal fixed point can be understood as a stationary point of the classical equations of motion of the dual gravitational description.

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Section: General Considerations On Vortex Dynamics In a Superfluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal fixed point in a holographic superfluid

Ewerz

Gasenzer

Karl

et al. 2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…The latter has been widely studied for the case of turbulent superfluids 3 He and 4 He, and quantum gases, as is reviewed in literature [214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221]. Quantum turbulence of trapped atoms has been observed in experiments [222][223][224].…”

Section: Nonequilibrium Crossover Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

2013

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The review considers the peculiarities of symmetry breaking and symmetry transformations and the related physical effects in finite quantum systems. Some types of symmetry in finite systems can be broken only asymptotically. However, with a sufficiently large number of particles, crossover transitions become sharp, so that symmetry breaking happens similarly to that in macroscopic systems. This concerns, in particular, global gauge symmetry breaking, related to Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity, or isotropy breaking, related to the generation of quantum vortices, and the stratification in multicomponent mixtures. A special type of symmetry transformation, characteristic only for finite systems, is the change of shape symmetry. These phenomena are illustrated by the examples of several typical mesoscopic systems, such as trapped atoms, quantum dots, atomic nuclei, and metallic grains. The specific features of the review are: (i) the emphasis on the peculiarities of the symmetry breaking in finite mesoscopic systems; (ii) the analysis of common properties of physically different finite quantum systems; (iii) the manifestations of symmetry breaking in the spectra of collective excitations in finite quantum systems. The analysis of these features allows for the better understanding of the intimate relation between the type of symmetry and other physical properties of quantum systems. This also makes it possible to predict new effects by employing the analogies between finite quantum systems of different physical nature.

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“…That involves the dynamics of matter waves in ultra-cold atoms and more specifically in the theme of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) [5,6,7]. There, the ability to stir the system (imparting angular momentum), or to quench it (spontaneously locking in vortex patterns), or to drag obstacles through it (producing vorticity through the breakup of superfluidity) enables the spontaneous production of one or more vortices, as has now been summarized in numerous works [8,9,10,11,12]. In fact, experiments have also enabled the production of vortices of higher topological charge [13], as well as the generation of robust triangular vortex lattices [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating functions, polynomials and vortices with alternating signs in Bose–Einstein condensates

Barry

Hajir

2015

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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Abstract. In this work, we construct suitable generating functions for vortices of alternating signs in the realm of Bose-Einstein condensates. In addition to the vortex-vortex interaction included in earlier fluid dynamics constructions of such functions, the vortices here precess around the center of the trap. This results in the generating functions of the vortices of positive charge and of negative charge satisfying a modified, so-called, Tkachenko differential equation. From that equation, we reconstruct collinear few-vortex equilibria obtained in earlier work, as well as extend them to larger numbers of vortices. Moreover, particular moment conditions can be derived e.g. about the sum of the squared locations of the vortices for arbitrary vortex numbers. Furthermore, the relevant differential equation can be generalized appropriately in the two-dimensional complex plane and allows the construction e.g. of polygonal vortex ring and multi-ring configurations, as well as ones with rings surrounding a vortex at the center that are again connected to earlier bibliography.

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Quantized vortices in superfluid helium and atomic Bose– Einstein condensates

Cited by 23 publications

References 361 publications

Non-thermal fixed point in a holographic superfluid

Non-thermal fixed point in a holographic superfluid

Effects of symmetry breaking in finite quantum systems

Generating functions, polynomials and vortices with alternating signs in Bose–Einstein condensates

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