“…To obtain the Hilbert space we take the subspace of the wave functions on a line whose probability densities, |Ψ(x)| 2 , |Ψ(p)| 2 are periodic in both position and momentum representations, respectively: Ψ(x+1) = exp(i2πϕ q )Ψ(x), Ψ(p + 1) = exp(i2πϕ p )Ψ(p), where ϕ q , ϕ p ∈ [0, 1) are phases parameterizing quantization. The quantization of the baker map requires the phase space volume to be an integer multiple of the quantum of action [8,9,18,19,20,21]. Therefore the effective Planck constant is h = 1/N, for a baker map on a unit torus, where N, an integer, is the dimension of the Hilbert space.…”