Quantity, Quality, and Availability of Waste Heat from United States Thermal Power Generation

Gingerich, Daniel B.; Mauter, Meagan S.

doi:10.1021/es5060989

Cited by 152 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…[1,2] Hence, it is significant to harvest the waste heat for sustainable development. However, much of the thermal energy, particularly the low-grade heat, is dissipated to environment as waste heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Cheng

Fan

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

222

269

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Thermoelectric materials can be used to harvest low‐grade heat that is otherwise dissipated to the environment. But the conventional thermoelectric materials that are semiconductors or semimetals, usually exhibit a Seebeck coefficient of much less than 1 mV K−1. They are expensive and consist of toxic elements as well. Here, it is demonstrated environmental benign flexible quasi‐solid state ionogels with giant Seebeck coefficient and ultrahigh thermoelectric properties. The ionogels made of ionic liquids and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) can exhibit a giant Seebeck coefficient up to 26.1 mV K−1, the highest for electronic and ionic conductors. In addition, they have a high ionic conductivity of 6.7 mS cm−1 and a low thermal conductivity of 0.176 W m−1 K−1. Their thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) is thus 0.75. The giant Seebeck coefficient is related to the ion‐dipole interaction between PVDF‐HFP and ionic liquids. Their application in ionic thermoelectric capacitors is also demonstrated for the conversion of intermittent heat into electricity. They are especially important to harvest the low‐grade thermal energy that is abundant on earth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Cheng

Fan

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

222

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More than two‐thirds of energy generated is wasted in the form of low‐grade heat, causing the ever‐rising issue of environmental pollution . Capturing and utilizing such a huge amount of heat could play an important role in building a sustainable society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism

Cagnoni

Cojocaru‐Mirédin

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

177

214

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Thermoelectric materials have attracted significant research interest in recent decades due to their promising application potential in interconverting heat and electricity. Unfortunately, the strong coupling between the material parameters that determine thermoelectric efficiency, i.e., the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, complicates the optimization of thermoelectric energy converters. Main‐group chalcogenides provide a rich playground to alleviate the interdependence of these parameters. Interestingly, only a subgroup of octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides possesses good thermoelectric properties. This subgroup is also characterized by other outstanding characteristics suggestive of an exceptional bonding mechanism, which has been coined metavalent bonding. This conclusion is further supported by a map that separates different bonding mechanisms. In this map, all octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides with good performance as thermoelectrics are located in a well‐defined region, implying that the map can be utilized to identify novel thermoelectrics. To unravel the correlation between chemical bonding mechanism and good thermoelectric properties, the consequences of this unusual bonding mechanism on the band structure are analyzed. It is shown that features such as band degeneracy and band anisotropy are typical for this bonding mechanism, as is the low lattice thermal conductivity. This fundamental understanding, in turn, guides the rational materials design for improved thermoelectric performance by tailoring the chemical bonding mechanism.

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“…[1] Especially, traditional fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal amount to ≈65% of energy sources used to generate electricity. [1] Especially, traditional fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal amount to ≈65% of energy sources used to generate electricity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu Intercalation and Br Doping to Thermoelectric SnSe₂ Lead to Ultrahigh Electron Mobility and Temperature‐Independent Power Factor

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Due to its single conduction band nature, it is highly challenging to enhance the power factor of SnSe 2 by band convergence. Here, it is reported that simultaneous Cu intercalation and Br doping induce strong Cu-Br interaction to connect SnSe 2 layers, otherwise isolated, via "electrical bridges." Atom probe tomography analysis confirms a strong attraction between Cu intercalants and Br dopants in the SnSe 2 lattice. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this interaction delocalizes electrons confined around SnSe covalent bonds and enhances charge transfer across the SnSe 2 slabs. These effects dramatically increase electron mobility and concentration. Polycrystalline SnCu 0.005 Se 1.98 Br 0.02 shows even higher electron mobility than pristine SnSe 2 single crystal and the theoretical expectation. This results in significantly improved electrical conductivity without reducing effective mass and Seebeck coefficient, thereby leading to the highest power factor of ≈12 µW cm −1 K −2 to date for polycrystalline SnSe 2 and SnSe. It even surpasses the value for the state-of-the-art n-type SnSe 0.985 Br 0.015 single crystal at elevated temperatures. Surprisingly, the achieved power factor is nearly independent of temperature ranging from 300 to 773 K. The engineering thermoelectric figure of merit ZT eng for SnCu 0.005 Se 1.98 Br 0.02 is ≈0.25 between 773 and 300 K, the highest ZT eng ever reported for any form of SnSe 2 -based thermoelectric materials.

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Quantity, Quality, and Availability of Waste Heat from United States Thermal Power Generation

Cited by 152 publications

References 51 publications

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism

Cu Intercalation and Br Doping to Thermoelectric SnSe₂ Lead to Ultrahigh Electron Mobility and Temperature‐Independent Power Factor

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Quantity, Quality, and Availability of Waste Heat from United States Thermal Power Generation

Cited by 152 publications

References 51 publications

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties

Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism

Cu Intercalation and Br Doping to Thermoelectric SnSe2 Lead to Ultrahigh Electron Mobility and Temperature‐Independent Power Factor

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Product

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Cu Intercalation and Br Doping to Thermoelectric SnSe₂ Lead to Ultrahigh Electron Mobility and Temperature‐Independent Power Factor