Quantity of the male ejaculate influenced by female unreceptivity in the fly, Culicoides melleus

Linley, J. R.; Hinds, M. J.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(75)90023-2

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More sperm in spermatophores to virgins than to mated females; even less to twice mated females (Linley & Hinds, 1975). In double matings, first male transfers roughly twice as many sperm as second male (Linley, 1975) even lower than that suggested by the lower sperm numbers transferred to mated females relative to virgins (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sperm competition games: the risk model can generate higher sperm allocation to virgin females

Ball

Parker

2006

J of Evolutionary Biology

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We examine the risk model in sperm competition games for cases where female fertility increases significantly with sperm numbers (sperm limitation). Without sperm competition, sperm allocation increases with sperm limitation. We define ‘average risk’ as the probability q that females in the population mate twice, and ‘perceived risk’ as the information males gain about the sperm competition probability with individual females. If males obtain no information from individual females, sperm numbers increase with q unless sperm limitation is high and one of the two competing ejaculates is strongly disfavoured. If males can distinguish between virgin and mated females, greater sperm allocation to virgins is favoured by high sperm limitation, high q, and by the second male's ejaculate being disfavoured. With high sperm limitation, sperm allocation to virgins increases and to mated females decreases with q at high q levels. With perfect information about female mating pattern, sperm allocation (i) to virgins that will mate again exceeds that to mated females and to virgins that will mate only once, (ii) to virgins that mate only once exceeds that for mated females if q is high and there is high second male disadvantage and (iii) to each type of female can decrease with q if sperm limitation is high, although the average allocation increases at least across low q levels. In general, higher sperm allocation to virgins is favoured by: strong disadvantage to the second ejaculate, high sperm limitation, high average risk and increased information (perceived risk). These conditions may apply in a few species, especially spiders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sperm competition games: the risk model can generate higher sperm allocation to virgin females

Ball

Parker

2006

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Therefore, that a male expends E/N amount of energy per mating on gametes assumes that males allocate gametes equally between matings. This simplification is violated in cases where males adjust ejaculate size among females, such as has been observed in a variety of species (Engqvist 2007;Linley and Hinds 1975;Pizzari et al 2003;Svard and Wiklund 1986). I also designate z, the total number of competing ejaculates per mating.…”

Section: Model and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm competition can drive a male-biased mutation rate

Blumenstiel¹

2007

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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A pattern of male-biased mutation has been found in a wide range of species. The standard explanation for this bias is that there are greater numbers of mitotic cell divisions in the history of the average sperm, compared to the average egg, and that mutations typically result from errors made during replication. However, this fails to provide an ultimate evolutionary explanation for why the male germline would tolerate more mutations that are typically deleterious. One possibility is that if there is a tradeoff between producing large numbers of sperm and expending energetic resources in maintaining a lower mutation rate, sperm competition would select for males that produce larger numbers of sperm despite a higher resulting mutation rate. Here I describe a model that jointly considers the fitness consequences of deleterious mutation and mating success in the face of sperm competition. I show that a moderate level of sperm competition can account for the observation that the male germline tolerates a higher mutation rate than the female germline.

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“…Since no reduction in percentage of fertilization was apparent during the study, the minimum number of sperm required to ensure fertilization of the average spawn evidently was not reached. Among the arthropods, studies of male potency have been conducted most commonly among those insects which directly affect man, including the midge Culicoides melleus Linley, 1975;Linley and Hinds, 1974, 1975, 1976, and the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Bertram, 1963;Hausermann and Nijhout, 1975;Jones, 1961Jones, , 1973Jones and Wheeler, 1965). Although fecundity has been examined in many invertebrates, considerably less attention has been directed at sperm production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm Production and the Effects of Electrically Induced Spermatophore Expulsion in the Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Harris¹,

Sandifer²

1986

Journal of Crustacean Biology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The Crustacean Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Crustacean Biology. ABSTRACTThe effects ofelectroejaculation techniques upon sperm cell and spermatophore production in the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were investigated extensively. Animals received electrical stimuli according to various regimes: fixed 24-h interval between stimuli; decreasing interval between stimuli; increasing interval between stimuli; stimulation postmolt only; daily abdominal stimulation; and no electrical stimulation.The mean percentages of successful electroejaculation attempts for the 29-day period ranged from 81.1-100%. Of the individuals tested, 45% were capable of extruding some portion of a spermatophore after as little as 3 h postejaculation. While mean ejaculum size decreased significantly over the experimental period, no structural or ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in either sperm cell or spermatophore morphology. The spawns of 44 female prawns artifically inseminated with study-group ejacula exhibited normal percentages of fertilization.Several undesirable conditions resulted from the use of electroejaculation, including coxal ulcerations, limited muscle necrosis, and melanization of reproductive tissues. The relevance of these results for increased profitability in and feasibility of commercial aquaculture and selective breeding programs is considered. The fresh-water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) is a leading can-didate for commercial aquaculture in many tropical and subtropical areas. Since the early endeavors of Ling (1962; 1969a, b) and Fujimura (1966), numerous studies have been conducted on the culture technology, environmental and nutritional requirements, social interactions, and reproductive biology of this animal (Sandifer and Smith, 1985). Interest in production of culture-suited strains has resulted in development of techniques for selective breeding and hybridization of M. rosenbergii. Sandifer and Smith (1979) described a method for artificial insemination of Macrobrachium requiring sacrifice of the male. Sandifer and Lynn (1980) used electrical stimulation to induce ejaculation in Palaemonetes sp. and Macrobrachium without apparent harm to the male. More recently, Kooda-Cisco and Talbot (1983) and Aiken et al. (1984) reported electroejaculation of Homarus americanus. Sandifer (1986) and Chow (1982) improved artificial insemination methods by using a-cyanoacrylate adhesives to attach spermatophores to females.However, while electroejaculation and artificial insemination have been relatively well documented, neither their effects upon the animals nor the full implications of their usefulness hav...

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Quantity of the male ejaculate influenced by female unreceptivity in the fly, Culicoides melleus

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Sperm competition games: the risk model can generate higher sperm allocation to virgin females

Sperm competition games: the risk model can generate higher sperm allocation to virgin females

Sperm competition can drive a male-biased mutation rate

Sperm Production and the Effects of Electrically Induced Spermatophore Expulsion in the Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

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