Quantity of Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Patients With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Correlates With 1-Year Progression

Abstract

METHODS. Volume optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from 114 eyes of 114 patients were retrospectively reviewed. HRF were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Five sequential en face slabs from midretina were thresholded to isolate the HRF. These five slabs were recombined, and HRF area was measured in the whole 6 3 6-mm image (HRF TOT ) and within the central 3-mm (HRF 3mm ) and 5-mm (HRF 5mm ) regions. These measurements were correlated with the development of late AMD (defined as choroidal neovascularization [CNV] and/or complete RPE and photoreceptor atrophy [cRORA]) after 1 year of follow-up.RESULTS. HRF area in all three regions showed significant correlations with progression to late AMD: R ¼ 0.610 for HRF 3mm , R ¼ 0.622 for HRF 5mm , and R ¼ 0.614 for HRF TOT (all P < 0.001). Correlations remained significant with progression to cRORA alone, though not for progression to CNV alone. While qualitative assessment of HRF (i.e., presence of HRF: yes or no) also showed a significant correlation with progression to late AMD (R ¼ 0.454, P < 0.001) and atrophy alone (R ¼ 0.445, P < 0.001), they were weaker than by HRF quantification.CONCLUSIONS. The area of HRF from en face OCT in eyes with intermediate AMD correlates with the 1-year risk of progression to late AMD, and in particular with the development of atrophy.

Quantitative assessment of outer retinal folds on enface optical coherence tomography after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

“…However, binalization process may cause to lose important but subtle changes or to incorporate artifacts or noises. In this study, we did efforts to extract pure folds effectively combining several image analyzing procedures 20 . That allowed us the quantitative analysis of the characteristics of postoperative folds of macula-off RRD.…”

Association of imaging biomarkers and local activation of complement in aqueous humor of patients with early forms of age-related macular degeneration

“…SD-OCT allows also the identification of further distinct features such as HRFs [27,37,40]. HRF are hyperpigmented small well-circumscribed dots in the neurosensory retina and are regarded also as risk factors for AMD progression [21,22,[41][42][43]. Furthermore, HRF have also been associated with several known AMD risk alleles [44].…”

“…Their detection can be important for future therapeutic intervention and risk estimation. With the wide use of non-invasive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), distinctive morphological features such as drusen volume (DV), hyperreflective foci (HRF), and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) were identified as imaging biomarkers for AMD progression [21][22][23][24][25]. It is still unknown whether those imaging biomarkers reflect the level of local complement activation in the eye.…”

Retinal Hyperreflective Foci in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“… 23 , 24 Moreover, the evaluation of en face OCT images instead of single B-scan could facilitate faster manual quantification of HF. 25 …”