Quantitative X‐ray microanalysis of hydrogen peroxide within plant cells

Chen, Shao Liang; Olbrich, Andrea; Langenfeld-Heyser, Rosemarie; Fritz, Eberhard; Polle, Andrea

doi:10.1002/jemt.20639

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Sample preparation for the evaluation of leaf anatomy followed that of Chen et al (2009). In brief, the third–fifth mature leaves from the tip were sampled from transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants in the presence and absence of NaCl stress (150mM, 7 d), and then fixed in FAE (2% formaldehyde, 5% acetic acid, and 63% ethanol).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants

Han

Wang

Sun

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Populus euphratica is a salt-tolerant tree species that develops leaf succulence after a prolonged period of salinity stress. In the present study, a putative xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene (PeXTH) from P. euphratica was isolated and transferred to tobacco plants. PeXTH localized exclusively to the endoplasmic reticulum and cell wall. Plants overexpressing PeXTH were more salt tolerant than wild-type tobacco with respect to root and leaf growth, and survival. The increased capacity for salt tolerance was due mainly to the anatomical and physiological alterations caused by PeXTH overexpression. Compared with the wild type, PeXTH-transgenic plants contained 36% higher water content per unit area and 39% higher ratio of fresh weight to dry weight, a hallmark of leaf succulence. However, the increased water storage in the leaves in PeXTH-transgenic plants was not accompanied by greater leaf thickness but was due to highly packed palisade parenchyma cells and fewer intercellular air spaces between mesophyll cells. In addition to the salt dilution effect in response to NaCl, these anatomical changes increased leaf water-retaining capacity, which lowered the increase of salt concentration in the succulent tissues and mesophyll cells. Moreover, the increased number of mesophyll cells reduced the intercellular air space, which improved carbon economy and resulted in a 47–78% greater net photosynthesis under control and salt treatments (100–150mM NaCl). Taken together, the results indicate that PeXTH overexpression enhanced salt tolerance by the development of succulent leaves in tobacco plants without swelling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants

Han

Wang

Sun

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Agar is an organic material and may ideally undergo shrinkage similar to that observed in biological tissues during freezing and freeze-drying [7,32]. KCl and NaCl agar standards were established as previously described [7,25]. Briefly, 10 g agar (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany) was suspended in 2 L of de-ionized water at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, to obtain representative data for the analyzed probe, the electron beam was adjusted to the size of the investigated structure [21,22]. Thus, probe measurements of cell walls, cytoplasm, and xylem vessels were acquired with a narrow electron beam, and measurements of vacuoles were acquired with a broad electron beam that covered the vacuolar lumen [21–25]. Therefore, the data had to be corrected for the different measuring intensities of the applied electron beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative X-ray Elemental Imaging in Plant Materials at the Subcellular Level with a Transmission Electron Microscope: Applications and Limitations

et al. 2014

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Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) is a technique for determining the distribution of elements in various materials. Here, we report a protocol for high-spatial-resolution X-ray elemental imaging and quantification in plant tissues at subcellular levels with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Calibration standards were established by producing agar blocks loaded with increasing KCl or NaCl concentrations. TEM-EDX images showed that the salts were evenly distributed in the agar matrix, but tended to aggregate at high concentrations. The mean intensities of K+, Cl−, and Na+ derived from elemental images were linearly correlated to the concentrations of these elements in the agar, over the entire concentration range tested (R > 0.916). We applied this method to plant root tissues. X-ray images were acquired at an actual resolution of 50 nm × 50 nm to 100 nm × 100 nm. We found that cell walls exhibited higher elemental concentrations than vacuoles. Plants exposed to salt stress showed dramatic accumulation of Na+ and Cl− in the transport tissues, and reached levels similar to those applied in the external solution (300 mM). The advantage of TEM-EDX mapping was the high-spatial-resolution achieved for imaging elemental distributions in a particular area with simultaneous quantitative analyses of multiple target elements.

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“…Thickening of cell walls and lignification could be delayed by elevated CO 2 at room temperature. This could explain why elevated CO 2 partially inhibited PAL activity, as observed in green asparagus grown in an oxygen modified atmosphere [ 325 ]. In arrowhead, shoot elongation was stimulated by elevated CO 2 .…”

Section: Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress

Gall

Florian

Domon

et al. 2015

Plants

877

681

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This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. The analysis of a large set of data shows that the plant response is highly complex. The overall effects of most abiotic stress are often dependent on the plant species, the genotype, the age of the plant, the timing of the stress application, and the intensity of this stress. This shows the difficulty of identifying a common pattern of stress response in cell wall architecture that could enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stress. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) an increased level in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin proteins, associated with an increase in the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching that maintains cell wall plasticity and (ii) an increased cell wall thickening by reinforcement of the secondary wall with hemicellulose and lignin deposition. Taken together, these results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall. This will help identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.

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Quantitative X‐ray microanalysis of hydrogen peroxide within plant cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants

Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants

Quantitative X-ray Elemental Imaging in Plant Materials at the Subcellular Level with a Transmission Electron Microscope: Applications and Limitations

Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress

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