Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Phase Analysis of the Oxidation of Steel by a Direct Comparison Method

Biederman, R.R.; Bourgault, Rébecca; Smith, R. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9975-9_13

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The mole fraction of each phase (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 ) was determined by the direct comparison method. [11][12][13] The diffraction patterns were collected using a Rigaku diffractometer equipped with a rotation anode and a copper Ka radiation source.…”

Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2004

ISIJ International

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The rate of scale growth on low carbon steel in air over the temperature range 600-1200°C and the phase composition changes that occur between 750-1 200°C were investigated. The low carbon steel was oxidized with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s in order to approximate the formation of secondary and tertiary scales in hot rolling. In addition, some experiments were performed with a lower air velocity of 0.14 cm/s. Above 1 000°C, with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s, a transition from a parabolic rate of oxidation to a linear rate of oxidation was observed as the temperature increased. This transition in oxidizing mechanisms was related to the porosity of the oxide scale. The phase composition of the oxide scales changed with temperature and time. For the initial 30 s of oxidation, wustite was the predominant phase in the temperature range 800-1 200°C and as oxidation proceeded, the percentages of magnetite and hematite increased. The homogeneity of the oxide decreased as the oxidation temperature increased. At 850°C, with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s, the oxide was homogeneous, and for the first 120 s of oxidation, the oxide had a high percentage of wustite and a low percentage of hematite. This indicates that 850°C is the ideal temperature for the finishing strip mill in order to reduce work roll wear and surface defects.

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Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2004

ISIJ International

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Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Reheating in Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2006

steel research international

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Low carbon steel was oxidized over the temperature range 1000-1250°C in 02-C02-H20-N2, 02-H20-N2, and 02-C0 2-N2 gas mixtures. Oxidation times were 12-120 min. and the scales were 50-2000 urn thick. The variations of these parameters were chosen to elucidate the phase composition of oxide scales under conditions similar to those of reheating furnaces in hot strip mills, using either thin slab casting or conventional casting and rolling technology. Two types of scales have been observed which are influenced by the furnace atmosphere, oxidation time, and temperature. The first type is a crystalline scale with an irregular outer surface, composed mostly of wustite (FeO), and a negligible amount of magnetite (Fe304)' The second type is the classical three-layer scale, composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe304), and hematite (Fe203). In general, the experiments showed that an increase in oxidation time decreased the percentage of wustite while the percentages of magnetite and hematite increased. A rise in oxygen concentration in the gas mixture increased the percentages of magnetite and hematite, confirming earlier experimental findings. In water vapour-free atmospheres 02-C0 2-N2, the oxide scales had a low percentage of wustite, and high percentage of magnetite and hematite. Carbon dioxide showed a small influence at 1100°C, and a negligible one at 1250°C.

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Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Phase Analysis of the Oxidation of Steel by a Direct Comparison Method

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Reheating in Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

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