“…However, it is not a direct measure of muscle strain. Ultrasound (US) strain imaging has been used to measure strain and strain rate primarily in cardiac muscle (Bansal et al, 2010;Gorcsan and Tanaka, 2011;Mondillo et al, 2011;Yamada et al, 2014) though there have been several applications to skeletal muscle dynamic imaging as well (Lopata et al, 2010;Gijsbertse et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018Gao et al, , 2019Frich et al, 2019). Most ultrasound studies are performed in 2D that allows 2D strain estimation; however, some studies have extended it to bi-plane US studies where strain can be assessed in three orthogonal directions (Gijsbertse et al, 2017).…”