Quantitative Three-Dimensional Color Flow Echocardiography of Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: New Methods, New Perspectives, New Challenges

Multimodality imaging assessment of mitral valve anatomy in planning for mitral valve repair in secondary mitral regurgitation

“…Some of these factors are not specific for severe MR and should be interpreted in the context of the complete evaluation of the patients. Finally, the use of 3D echocardiography is recommended to overpass some of the pitfalls encountered with 2D examination: the 3D color acquisition of MR allows the direct planimetry of the vena contracta (i.e., regurgitant orifice area) and therefore optimizes the assessment of MR in the context of non-hemispherical PISA shells and multiple jets (Table 1) (19,92,(95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101). Recent method proposes to use 3D color Doppler to measure mitral inflow and LV outflow tract stroke volume to determine regurgitant volume and fraction (102).…”

Imaging primary mitral regurgitation: the whole is better than the sum of its parts

“…In summary, there is much for us to learn about the timing of intervention in primary MR. The past arguments of which imaging modality is better is not only short-sighted but also irrelevant to current surgical and the rapidly evolving transcatheter technologies for the treatment of MR. 9 The 'What we want' needs to be combined with the 'What we need' to truly provide a clinically useful imaging strategy to take care of the patient with primary MR. From the many modalities and indices we want one thing, that is to be able to integrate all the information to intervene in timely and successful fashion: E Pluribus Unum.…”