“…When the applied stresses were below the fatigue limit of materials, the temperature increase during fatigue tests was extremely limited [30]. For instance, thermographic methodology experiments estimated that the temperature rise in samples was no more than 15 K for fatigue assessments [31,32]. Since the quasi-in situ fatigue, experiments were conducted at room temperature, $293 K, the effect of temperature rise on Al 3 (Er, Zr) precipitates was studied by aging a bulk undeformed Al-Mg-Er alloy at 318 K for 48 h. A TEM thin-foil specimen was prepared from the aged alloy, and the mean size of Al 3 (Er, Zr) precipitates was determined from HAADF STEM images as 20.5 ± 0.2 nm.…”