Quantitative surface analysis of plastic deformation of Pd electrodes in nanoscale

Eftekhari, Ali; Kazemzad, Mahmood; Keyanpour-Rad, Mansoor; Bahrevar, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.07.065

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The influence of plastic deformation of Pd on its surface morphology in both micro-and nano-scale has been extensively studied by means of fractal geometry. 12,13 Figure 3A shows a typical SEM image of the polyaniline film electrodeposited onto a fresh Pd substrate electrode. It is obvious that the film does not have sufficient internal adherent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to statistical comparison of Pd electrodes with various degrees of plastic deformation, 12,13 this galvanostatic hydrogen injection at a short time of ca. 900 s results in a slight plastic deformation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] Only surface structure of a plastically deformed Pd electrode may affect electropolymerization process due to electron transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface, and plastic deformation in bulk, which is of particular interest in solid-state physics, has no influence on the interfacial deposition of conductive polymer. Therefore, the previous surface studies [11][12][13] satisfy the requirement of the present work to use a typical plastically deformed Pd with known surface structure. The plastic deformation was induced to the Pd electrode in accordance with the procedure followed in the previous works.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plastic deformation is a well-known phenomenon in solid-state science, which results in severe surface structural changes. [11][12][13] In the present work, we wish to use a Pd electrode, which was subject of plastic deformation, as a new substrate surface for the deposition of conductive polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electropolymerization of Aniline on Plastically Deformed Pd Surface: Structure at Micro- and Nano-Scale

Eftekhari

Kazemzad

Keyanpour-Rad

2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Electrochemical polymerization of aniline on the surface of a plastically deformed Pd electrode was investigated. Initially, the Pd electrode was subject of plastic deformation as a result of hydrogen insertion/extraction. Plastically deformed structure of the substrate has a significant influence on the electropolymerization process. In this case, an adherent film with smooth surface is formed. Although the plastically deformed surface is rougher than the conventional Pd surface, the polyaniline film electropolymerized is smoother in both micro-and nano-scale. This is of particular interest for applied purposes, as it guarantees higher stability of the conductive polymer. In addition, these results indicate the importance of surface structure of substrate electrode on electropolymerization process. On the other hand, it suggests Pd as a suitable substrate for the preparation of thin films of conductive polymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electropolymerization of Aniline on Plastically Deformed Pd Surface: Structure at Micro- and Nano-Scale

Eftekhari

Kazemzad

Keyanpour-Rad

2006

Polym J

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“…This is indeed essential difference of microstructure and nanostructure of electrode surfaces formed in the course of electrochemical processes. 35 It is obvious that a better curve-fitting is achieved for the case of bromide-doped polypyrrole film rather than that of the chloride-doped polypyrrole film. Such behavior is also observable for the fractal analysis at microscale as obtained from electrochemical measurements (Figure 2).…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Effect of Dopant Size on Nanoscale Fractal Structure of Polypyrrole Film

Eftekhari

Kazemzad

Keyanpour-Rad

2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Surface morphologies of thin films of polypyrrole doped with two similar anions (with different ionic radii) viz. chloride and bromide were compared by means of fractal geometry. Scanning electron micrographs of the polymer surfaces showed a significant difference between the surface structures of two anion-doped polypyrrole films in microscale and particularly in nanoscale. Surprisingly, the bromide-doped polypyrrole had nanostructure; whereas, the chloride-doped polypyrrole surface was smooth in nanoscale. An electrochemical method based on gold-masking approach was employed to reveal the fractality of these polymer surfaces in microscale. Fractal geometry successfully discovered the effect of anion doping on microstructure of the conductive polymer by suggesting different fractal dimensions. In addition, SAXS analysis indicated significant difference in fractality of the polymer in nanoscale.[doi:10.1295/polymj.PJ2005173] KEY WORDS Surface Morphology / Nanoscale Roughness / Fractal / Conductive Polymer / Nanostructures / Electrode Surface / It is well known that anion doping has a significant influence on surface morphology of conductive polymers. As anion doping is an essential process in the course of polymer synthesis, this issue is of great interest. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] There are two affecting factors in anion doping: size of the anion incorporated into the polymer structure and the synthesis mechanism in the presence of the anion. To inspect the second factor, it is only needed to choose two different anions with approximately the same ionic radii. However, it is difficult to investigate the first factor since anion effects on the polymerization are essentially different. Investigations in this context are mainly restricted to common anions such as Cl À , NO 3 À , ClO 4 À , SO 4 2À , etc.1-12 As Compton and coworkers emphasized the inner oxygen bond in the anion has a significant effect on the polymerization process.8 Thus, comparison of monoatomic anions such as Cl À with other anions is not correct. To overcome this problem, we aim to compare two similar monoatomic anions as dopants, since this strategy is not usually followed in the literature.Fractal geometry as a powerful tool was employed for surface analysis of a typical conductive polymer. Applicability of fractal analysis for surface studies of conductive polymers has been widely reported in the literature. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although, it has been emphasized that usefulness of fractal analysis is related to comparative studies of similar surfaces, less attention has been paid to this issue for the investigation of surface morphology of different anion-doped conductive polymers. Gobal et al. have investigated the fractal structure of anion-doped poly-ortho-aminophenol films by means of electrochemical methods, and concluded that anion doping has no effect on fractal structure of conductive polymers. 22 This incorrect conclusion (as it is well known that surface morphology of a conductive polymer is h...

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Electrochemical hydrogen storage: Opportunities for fuel storage, batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors

Eftekhari

Fang

2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

263

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Quantitative surface analysis of plastic deformation of Pd electrodes in nanoscale

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Electropolymerization of Aniline on Plastically Deformed Pd Surface: Structure at Micro- and Nano-Scale

Electropolymerization of Aniline on Plastically Deformed Pd Surface: Structure at Micro- and Nano-Scale

Significant Effect of Dopant Size on Nanoscale Fractal Structure of Polypyrrole Film

Electrochemical hydrogen storage: Opportunities for fuel storage, batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors

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