Quantitative supercritical fluid extraction coupled to capillary gas chromatography

Levy, J. M.; Rosselli, A. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02260688

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both atrazine and simazine occur frequently in surface waters and, to a lesser extent, in groundwaters (Croll, 1991) and are likely to be found in GAC filters (Croll et al, 1992). Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has recently received serious consideration as a replacement for more traditional methods of environmental sample preparation such as Soxhlet extraction (Levy and Rosselli, 1989). The subject ofSFE has been reviewed by Hawthorne (1990) and Chester et al (1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of s‐triazine herbicides and associated breakdown products from granular activated carbon using supercritical fluid extraction

Robertson¹,

Lester²

1995

Water Environment Research

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ABSTRACf:S-triazine herbicides and associated breakdown products were recovered from granular activated carbon (GAC) using a dual pump supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system capable of modifier addition. Analyte recovery was very low using supercritical carbon dioxide alone, was moderately improved by acetone modification in the static mode, and was significantly improved by dynamic acetone modification. Quantitative extraction of atrazine and simazine was achieved in 30 min using 50 mol% acetone in CO2, although recoveries for associated breakdown products (deethylatrazine and deethylsimazine) were limited to 70%. S-triazine extraction rates were independent of the flow rate of the extracting fluid, indicating a significant interaction ofs-triazine molecules with active sites on the GAC matrix surface and a kinetic limitation to the desorption process. SFE was as precise as, and much faster than, Soxhlet extraction for the determination of these priority pollutants and was advantageous in terms of improved analyte recovery and reduced solvent and labour requirements. Water Environ. Res .. 67, 899 (1995).

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confidence: 99%

Recovery of s‐triazine herbicides and associated breakdown products from granular activated carbon using supercritical fluid extraction

Robertson¹,

Lester²

1995

Water Environment Research

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“…This can be done using an oncolumn injector [6,7] or split/splitless injector [2,8] without further GC modifications. Cryofocusing is normally done by cooling the GC oven, or in some cases only by taking advantage of the Joule-Thomson cooling effect produced by gas expansion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usual way of interfacing SFE to GC is to insert a restrictor directly into the column and to cryofocus the extracted compounds onto the head of the column. This can be done using an oncolumn injector [6,7] or split/splitless injector [2,8] without further GC modifications. Cryofocusing is normally done by cooling the GC oven, or in some cases only by taking advantage of the Joule-Thomson cooling effect produced by gas expansion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile oil analysis of Thymus vulgaris L. by directly coupled SFE/GC

Hartonen

Jussila

Manninen

et al. 1992

J Microcolumn Separations

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Abstract. Dynamic supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO, as the supercritical fluid was coupled to capillary gas chromatography (GC). A cryotrap/thermal desorption unit external to the GC was used to collect the extracted compounds and introduce them into the GC column. The reproducibility of the SFE/GC system was tested through replicate analyses of thyme, and the recoveries of thyme components were compared with those obtained from hydrodistilled oil of thyme by GC. Excellent agreement was achieved, but the results showed that chromatographic valves and valve materials may be critical in obtaining good results.

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“…SFE can be coupled with capillary GC by directly depressurizing the SFE extract, via a restrictor, inside a conventional split/splitless injection port. This is the simplest and most reliable approach to SFE-GC [182][183][184][185]. An additional advantage is that depressurization occurs in the heated injector port, which eliminates the problem of restrictor plugging by water or matrix components and also allows extracted matrix components that are not amenable to GC analysis to be deposited on the injection port liner instead of being introduced into the column, As with conventional split injection, part of the extracted analytes is purged away via the split vent.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%