Quantitative study of the rabbit aortic endothelium using vascular casts

Cornhill, J. Fredrick; Levesque, M. J.; Herderick, Edward E.; Nerem, Robert M.; Kilman, James W.; Vasko, John S.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(80)90130-6

Cited by 102 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Lastly, we determined whether or not there were differences in the cross-sectional shape of the mid-diaphysis by calculating an index of circularity (Cornhill et al, 1980;Hueck, 2000) of the cross sections for the two bones that most closely approximated a circular cross section, the humerus and femur. The circularity index (CI) is defined as a dimensionless ratio of the total area contained within the periosteal perimeter at the mid-diaphysis (A) divided by the square of the periosteal perimeter (P):…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for runningversusfighting

Kemp

Bachus

Nairn

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from the demands of fighting in ways that may prevent the simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in these two behaviors. Here, we test an hypothesis of functional trade-off in limb bones by measuring mechanical properties of limb bones in two breeds of domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.) that have undergone intense artificial selection for running (greyhound) and fighting (pit bull) performance. The bones were loaded to fracture in three-point static bending. To correct for the effect of shear, we estimated the shear stress in the cross section and added energy due to shear stress to the tensile energy. The proximal limb bones of the pit bulls differed from those of the greyhounds in having relatively larger second moments of area of mid-diaphyseal cross sections and in having more circular cross-sectional shape. The pit bulls exhibited lower stresses at yield, had lower elastic moduli and failed at much higher levels of work. The stiffness of the tissue of the humerus, radius, femur and tibia was 1.5-2.4-fold greater in the greyhounds than in the pit bulls. These bones from the pit bulls absorbed 1.9-2.6-fold more energy before failure than did those of the greyhounds. These differences between breeds were not observed in the long bones of the feet, metacarpals and metatarsals. Nevertheless, the results of this analysis suggest that selection for high-speed running is associated with the evolution of relatively stiff, brittle limb bones, whereas selection for fighting performance leads to the evolution of limb bones with relatively high resistance to failure.

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Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for runningversusfighting

Kemp

Bachus

Nairn

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Baraket et al (6) reported that the highest permeability of vessel walls to horseradish peroxidase was observed in the entrance regions of aortic arch of a rabbit aorta, where ECs would be exposed to lower shear stress. In addition, since it is well known that EC morphology reflects the local flow pattern in vivo (7) , many studies have examined the relationship between EC shape and permeability. Gerrity et al (8) showed that ECs generally have cuboidal shape at enhanced permeable regions in a porcine aortic arch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Shear Stress on Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Monolayer Cocultured with Smooth Muscle Cells

Sakamoto

Ohashi

Sato

2004

JSME Int. J., Ser. C

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Effect of fluid shear stress on permeability of endothelial monolayer was investigated using an endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) cocultured model (CM). Permeability of ECs to bovine serum albumin was measured after exposure to shear stress of 1.5 Pa for 48 hours. Morphology and VE-cadherin expression of ECs in CM was almost same as of ECs cultured alone (monocultured model, MM). Under static condition, EC permeability was 5.1 ± 3.0 × 10 −6 cm/sec (mean ± SD) in MM and 6.5 ± 3.4 × 10 −6 cm/sec in CM. After exposure to shear stress, EC permeability in CM (2.2 ± 1.9 × 10 −6 cm/sec, p < 0.05) significantly decreased compared with the static model. However, EC permeability in MM (3.9±3.2×10 −6 cm/sec) did not significantly change compared with static cultured condition. These results suggested that cellular interactions between ECs and SMCs have important influences on EC permeability.

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“…We also noted that fewer central stress fibers and rounder cells characterized the thoracic versus the abdominal aorta. Cornhill et al 28 argued that rounder cells in the thoracic region may reflect lower, or less consistently aligned, shear stress. Our findings of fewer stress fibers in this region is consistent with the presumption of lower shear; however, direct assessments of shear have not yet been made.…”

Section: Figures Rhodamine Phalloidin Staining Of Endothelial Cells mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of endothelial microfilament distribution in the rabbit aorta in situ.

Kim

Langille

Wong

et al. 1989

Circulation Research

102

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The available data on F-actin microfilament distribution in vascular endothelial cells in vivo is limited. In this study, the appearance and distribution of endothelial cell microfilaments in the rabbit thoracic aorta, the abdominal aorta and its major arterial branch points, and the aortic bifurcation were examined. Perfusion fixed rabbit aortas were stained hi situ for F-actin by infusing rhodamine phalloklin via a peristaltic pump into the aortas at a slow flow rate. This new technique resulted in excellent visualization of branch points and allowed for a precise description of the actin microfilament bundles hi endothelial cells along flow dividers. In the thoracic and abdominal aorta, away from branch ostia, actin microfilaments were localized in two regions of the endothelial cells, as a prominent band that completely outlined the cell periphery, and also as short central stress fibers. The central stress fibers were more frequent and prominent in cells of the abdominal aorta. At branch sites and at the aortic bifurcation, long, thick microfilament bundles were present in endothelial cells extending from the tip of the flow divider to a few millimeters along the branch arteries, the aorta, and the iliac arteries. Peripheral actin, however, no longer completely surrounded the cells. The thick bundles were not prominent in endothelial cells located adjacent to the proximal Up of branches or at the iliac arteries opposite the flow divider. This study shows that endothelial cell F-actin microfilament distribution in vivo is well defined along the aortic-arterial system. The prominent central microfilament bundles and the reduced peripheral microfilaments seen at localized regions may reflect an adaptive response to elevated shear stress at these sites. (Circulation Research 1989;64:21-31)

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Quantitative study of the rabbit aortic endothelium using vascular casts

Cited by 102 publications

References 22 publications

Functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for runningversusfighting

Functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for runningversusfighting

Effect of Shear Stress on Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Monolayer Cocultured with Smooth Muscle Cells

Patterns of endothelial microfilament distribution in the rabbit aorta in situ.

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