Quantitative Studies of Febrile Tolerance and Levels of Specific Antibody Evoked by Bacterial Endotoxin*

Mulholland, John H.; Wolff, Sheldon M.; Jackson, Anne L.; Landy, Maurice

doi:10.1172/jci105209

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The late phase of ET is mediated by anti-endotoxin antibodies against the 'O' domain and common core antigens, which blunt the release of endogenous pyrogen from macrophages (Greisman et al 1969). LPET was described in rabbits, humans and rats (Greisman et al 1969;Mulholland et al 1965;SanchezCantu et al 1989). LPET develops after the initial 48 hours after endotoxin exposure and reaches its maximum effectiveness at 8 to 10 days post endotoxin exposure.…”

Section: Duration Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recovery of responsiveness to LPS was observed at day 20 post endotoxin exposure in rats (Sanchez-Cantu et al 1989). In rabbits ET lasted for up to 34 days (Mulholland et al 1965). In human volunteers duration of ET for as long as 17 weeks was described (Neva and Morgan 1950).…”

Section: Duration Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coli O127:B8; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin; Salmonella typhosa endotoxin; Pseudomonas endotoxin) (Greisman et al 1969;Mulholland et al 1965;SanchezCantu et al 1989). Thus, the duration of ET depends on the dose of endotoxin administered as well as the kind of endotoxin given.…”

Section: Duration Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Frellstedt

McKenzie

Barrett

et al. 2012

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Endotoxemia is responsible for severe illness in horses. Individuals can become unresponsive to the endotoxin molecule after an initial exposure; this phenomenon has been called developing a state of 'endotoxin tolerance' (ET). ET has been induced in horses in vivo; however, cytokine expression associated with ET has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for inducing ET in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro, and to describe the cytokine profile which is associated with the ET.Blood was collected from 6 healthy horses and PBMCs were isolated. ET was induced by culturing cells with three concentrations of endotoxin given to induce ET, and evaluated after a second dose of endotoxin given to challenge the cells. The relative mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-12 was measured by use of quantitative PCR.ET was induced in all cells (n=6) exposed to the 2-step endotoxin challenge. In PBMCs treated with 1.0 ng/ml of endotoxin followed by challenge with 10 ng/ml of endotoxin, the relative mRNA expression of IL-10 in tolerized cells was not different from positive control cells. In contrast, the relative mRNA expression of IL-12 in tolerized cells was decreased by 15-fold after the second endotoxin challenge compared with positive control cells.This experiment demonstrated a reliable method for the ex vivo induction of ET in equine PBMCs. A marked suppression of IL-12 production is associated with ET. The production of IL-10 was not altered in ET in our model.

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Section: Duration Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Duration Of Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Frellstedt

McKenzie

Barrett

et al. 2012

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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“…and all were discarded after three injections or 3 days after their first injection to prevent the development of fevers due to hypersensitivity to human proteins. Those animals receiving leukocytic pyrogen obtained from endotoxin activated cells were given 1.5 #g endotoxin intravenously on the preceding day to induce febrile tolerance (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Origin of Human Leukocytic Pyrogen

Nordlund

Root

Wolff

1970

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Granulocytes and monocytes derived from inflammatory exudates or the peripheral circulation of several mammalian species (1-5) can be stimulated to release a pyrogen, leukocytic pyrogen (LP) 1, which induces a characteristic febrile response in rabbits. Chemical characterization of LP has shown it to be a protein molecule (6-8) and since the original discovery of its production by rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (9), many attempts have been made to determine the mechanism of its synthesis by leukocytes. With one exception (10), preformed pyrogen has not been obtained from disrupted rabbit cells (11,12). Its release in vitro has been shown to take place over a several hour period (4, 11, 12), to be dependent upon the temperature of incubation (11), and inhibited by agents which bind sulfhydryl groups in enzymes (13). These findings suggest that LP is either synthesized de novo or activated from a precursor substance after contact with an appropriate stimulating agent.In the present studies, the role of RNA and protein synthesis and the energy requirements for pyrogen release by human peripheral leukocytes activated by the ingestion of heat-killed bacteria have been investigated. The results reported here indicate that both transcription of messenger RNA and its translation by ribosomes into

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“…The endotoxin which is not cell bound may activate the alternate pathway but does not produce platelet damage. Although C4D and normal guinea pigs utilized in this study did not have antibody detectable by the bentonite flocculation test, they undoubtedly had low levels of "natural" antibodies to endotoxins (29). Presumably, in normal animals, these antibodies, interacting with miembrane-bound enlotox in, activated the classical complement sequence and produced thrombocytopenia, either through an immune adherence mechanism (5,6) or by direct damage to the platelet membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Interactions of the Classical and Alternate Complement Pathway with Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide EFFECT ON PLATELETS AND BLOOD COAGULATION

Kane¹,

May²,

Frank³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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Quantitative Studies of Febrile Tolerance and Levels of Specific Antibody Evoked by Bacterial Endotoxin*

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Studies on the Origin of Human Leukocytic Pyrogen

Interactions of the Classical and Alternate Complement Pathway with Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide EFFECT ON PLATELETS AND BLOOD COAGULATION

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