Quantitative relationships between induced jasmonic acid levels and volatile emission in Zea mays during Spodoptera exigua herbivory

Schmelz, Eric A.; Alborn, Hans T.; Banchio, Erika; Tumlinson, James H.

doi:10.1007/s00425-002-0898-y

Cited by 179 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…As thrips infestation activates JA signaling in tomato, we hypothesize that higher thrips feeding damage might have induced increased production of this phytohormone and, consequently, also the production of type-VI trichomes and their associated volatiles. For instance, a direct positive relationship between endogenous JA levels and both sesquiterpene and indole volatile emission has been demonstrated in maize ( Zea mays ) (Schmelz et al 2003). In the same study, Schmelz et al (2003) also showed that JA production was positively correlated with infestation levels of maize plants with S. exigua caterpillars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Jasmonic Acid-Associated Defenses by Thrips Alters Host Suitability for Conspecifics and Correlates with Increased Trichome Densities in Tomato

Escobar‐Bravo¹,

Klinkhamer²,

Leiss³

2017

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Plant defenses inducible by herbivorous arthropods can determine performance of subsequent feeding herbivores. We investigated how infestation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with the Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) alters host plant suitability and foraging decisions of their conspecifics. We explored the role of delayed-induced jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated plant defense responses in thrips preference by using the tomato mutant def-1, impaired in JA biosynthesis. In particular, we investigated the effect of thrips infestation on trichome-associated tomato defenses. The results showed that when offered a choice, thrips preferred non-infested plants over infested wild-type plants, while no differences were observed in def-1. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate restored the repellency effect in def-1. Gene expression analysis showed induction of the JA defense signaling pathway in wild-type plants, while activating the ethylene signaling pathway in both genotypes. Activation of JA defenses led to increases in type-VI leaf glandular trichome densities in the wild type, augmenting the production of trichome-associated volatiles, i.e. terpenes. Our study revealed that plant-mediated intraspecific interactions between thrips are determined by JA-mediated defenses in tomato. We report that insects can alter not only trichome densities but also the allelochemicals produced therein, and that this response might depend on the magnitude and/or type of the induction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Jasmonic Acid-Associated Defenses by Thrips Alters Host Suitability for Conspecifics and Correlates with Increased Trichome Densities in Tomato

Escobar‐Bravo¹,

Klinkhamer²,

Leiss³

2017

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…In addition to providing olfactory cues for neighboring plants, as discussed above, herbivore-induced changes in plant volatile emissions are thought to confer defensive benefits by providing cues that recruit natural enemies of feeding herbivores [24-29] or deter feeding or oviposition by additional herbivores [30-33]. Furthermore, volatile induction is known to be mediated by JA [34,35] and thus is likely to reflect downstream influences of the JA induction we documented previously. In addition to examining the effects of the E. solidaginis emission on S. altissima volatile responses, we conducted parallel experiments in maize ( Z. mays ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The volatile emission of Eurosta solidaginis primes herbivore-induced volatile production in Solidago altissima and does not directly deter insect feeding

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe induction of plant defenses in response to herbivory is well documented. In addition, many plants prime their anti-herbivore defenses following exposure to environmental cues associated with increased risk of subsequent attack, including induced volatile emissions from herbivore-damaged plant tissues. Recently, we showed in both field and laboratory settings that tall goldenrod plants (Solidago altissima) exposed to the putative sex attractant of a specialist gall-inducing fly (Eurosta solidaginis) experienced less herbivory than unexposed plants. Furthermore, we observed stronger induction of the defense phytohormone jasmonic acid in exposed plants compared to controls. These findings document a novel class of plant-insect interactions mediated by the direct perception, by plants, of insect-derived olfactory cues. However, our previous study did not exclude the possibility that the fly emission (or its residue) might also deter insect feeding via direct effects on the herbivores.ResultsHere we show that the E. solidaginis emission does not (directly) deter herbivore feeding on Cucurbita pepo or Symphyotrichum lateriflorum plants—which have no co-evolutionary relationship with E. solidaginis and thus are not expected to exhibit priming responses to the fly emission. We also document stronger induction of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) in S. altissima plants given previous exposure to the fly emission relative to unexposed controls. No similar effect was observed in maize plants (Zea mays), which have no co-evolutionary relationship with E. solidaginis.ConclusionsTogether with our previous findings, these results provide compelling evidence that reduced herbivory on S. altissima plants exposed to the emission of male E. solidaginis reflects an evolved plant response to olfactory cues associated with its specialist herbivore and does not involve direct effects of the fly emission on herbivore feeding behavior. We further discuss mechanisms by which the priming of HIPV responses documented here might contribute to enhanced S. altissima defense against galling.

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“…Analysis of phytohormone production and defense gene expression in response to elicitors such as flagellin, elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), and chitin, for which the cognate PRRs have been identified, indicate that these conserved bacterial and fungal patterns activate multiple branches of induced immunity, including JATI (Kim et al 2014). Several HAMPs, including fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs), also amplify JA responses via unknown mechanisms (McCloud and Baldwin 1997; Schmelz et al 2003, 2007). Elicitation of JA-mediated defense responses by DAMPs, including the 18-amino-acid peptide systemin and cell wall-derived oligogalacturonides (OGs), is consistent with the ability of these compounds to stimulate endogenous JA synthesis (Doares et al 1995; Lee and Howe 2003).…”

Section: Activation Of the Core Ja Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Jasmonate-Triggered Plant Immunity

2014

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The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) exerts direct control over the production of chemical defense compounds that confer resistance to a remarkable spectrum of plant-associated organisms, ranging from microbial pathogens to vertebrate herbivores. The underlying mechanism of JA-triggered immunity (JATI) can be conceptualized as a multi-stage signal transduction cascade involving: i) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that couple the perception of danger signals to rapid synthesis of bioactive JA; ii) an evolutionarily conserved JA signaling module that links fluctuating JA levels to changes in the abundance of transcriptional repressor proteins; and iii) activation (de-repression) of transcription factors that orchestrate the expression of myriad chemical and morphological defense traits. Multiple negative feedback loops act in concert to restrain the duration and amplitude of defense responses, presumably to mitigate potential fitness costs of JATI. The convergence of diverse plant- and non-plant-derived signals on the core JA module indicates that JATI is a general response to perceived danger. However, the modular structure of JATI may accommodate attacker-specific defense responses through evolutionary innovation of PRRs (inputs) and defense traits (outputs). The efficacy of JATI as a defense strategy is highlighted by its capacity to shape natural populations of plant attackers, as well as the propensity of plant-associated organisms to subvert or otherwise manipulate JA signaling. As both a cellular hub for integrating informational cues from the environment and a common target of pathogen effectors, the core JA module provides a focal point for understanding immune system networks and the evolution of chemical diversity in the plant kingdom.

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Quantitative relationships between induced jasmonic acid levels and volatile emission in Zea mays during Spodoptera exigua herbivory

Cited by 179 publications

References 46 publications

Induction of Jasmonic Acid-Associated Defenses by Thrips Alters Host Suitability for Conspecifics and Correlates with Increased Trichome Densities in Tomato

Induction of Jasmonic Acid-Associated Defenses by Thrips Alters Host Suitability for Conspecifics and Correlates with Increased Trichome Densities in Tomato

The volatile emission of Eurosta solidaginis primes herbivore-induced volatile production in Solidago altissima and does not directly deter insect feeding

Jasmonate-Triggered Plant Immunity

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