Quantitative Proton MR Spectroscopy Findings in the Corpus Callosum of Patients with Schizophrenia Suggest Callosal Disconnection

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The callosal disconnectivity theory was previously proposed to explain the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to investigate the metabolic integrity of the corpus callosum in patients with schizophrenia by proton MR spectroscopy.

Numerical Transcoding Proficiency in 10-Year-Old Schoolchildren is Associated with Gray Matter Inter-Individual Differences: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

“…Indeed, dyscalculic children, known to present deficits in the “number sense” (i.e., difficulties in understanding a quantity and in number sense access), exhibited GM loss in bilateral parietal areas compared to control subjects. Moreover, one study examined the effect of mathematics expertise between two adult groups (Aydin et al, 2007). The data indicated a GM decrease in parietal regions in non-expert.…”

“…On one hand, brain maturation is characterized by loss of gray matter (GM) with age that varies according to brain region (Gogtay et al, 2004). On the other hand, experience-dependent structural plasticity was demonstrated by an increase of GM in cerebral areas associated with training function in expert groups (e.g., mathematicians, Aydin et al, 2007) and was demonstrated during intensive trainings (e.g., motor learning, Draganski et al, 2004; or cognitive training, Draganski et al, 2006). The aim of the present study is to provide insights into the relationships between individual differences in mathematics and brain structure (GM volume variations) in 10-year-old typically achieving schoolchildren.…”

“…A fundamental region implicated in numerical cognition in adults and children, the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), is increasingly involved during childhood due to academic learning (Rivera et al, 2005; Nieder and Dehaene, 2009; Zamarian et al, 2009). In adults, Aydin et al (2007) examined the effect of mathematics expertise in two groups and showed less GM in the parietal regions of non-experts. In children, structural MRI studies are scarce and have only investigated individual differences by comparing dyscalculic and control children (Isaacs et al, 2001; Molko et al, 2003; Rotzer et al, 2008; Rykhlevskaia et al, 2009).…”

Imaging genetics of structural brain connectivity and neural integrity markers

“…There are several important methodological differences between the studies, the main ones being the use of a 3T scanner and quantification with reference to water. Although these findings await further replication in larger studies, it is possible that a biological basis exists for these discrepancies, especially when considering alterations in the T2 of water (Aydin et al, 2007; Flynn et al, 2003; MacKay et al, 2006; Pfefferbaum et al, 1999) and metabolites (Tunc-Skarka et al, 2009) that have been reported in schizophrenia.…”

Metabolite detection by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using PRESS

“…Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has proven itself to be a valuable tool in the study of a number of diseases and disorders including Alzheimer's disease [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], epilepsy [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], Parkinson's disease [15][16][17][18][19][20], multiple sclerosis [21][22][23][24][25], schizophrenia [26][27][28][29][30], bipolar disorder [31][32][33][34][35], stroke [36][37][38], and cancer [39][40][41][42][43]. While a large number of MRS applications have targeted the brain, other anatomical regions have also been studied, including muscle [44,45], breast [46][47][48]…”