Quantitative proteomic analysis of the association between decreasing O‑GlcNAcylation and metastasis in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. O-linked N-acetyl glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins. Mounting evidence suggests that abnormal O-GlcNAcylation status is associated with cancer malignancy. In our previous study, it was reported that O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT; an enzyme responsible for the addition of O-GlcNAc) were upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation was required for resistance to anoikis and the anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells. However, the precise roles of this modification on the development of malignancy are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of inhibiting O-GlcNAc on the malignant transformation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells under different culture conditions were determined, using monolayer (primary growth), anoikis resistance (spheroid growth) and reseeding (secondary growth) to mimic the metastatic process. Decreasing O-GlcNAc levels using small interfering (si)RNA targeting OGT resulted in a reduction in cell viability and invasiveness in anoikis resistant and reseeding conditions. Furthermore, gel-free quantitative proteomics was performed to identify the proteins affected by a reduction of O-GlcNAc. A total of 317 proteins were identified and compared, and the expression of 162 proteins was altered >1.5 fold in the siOGT treated cells compared with the siScamble (siSC) treated cells. Notably, 100 proteins involved in cellular metabolism, cellular localization, stress responses and gene expression were significantly altered in the reseeding condition. Among these differentially expressed proteins, the levels of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 exhibited the largest decrease in expression following knockdown of OGT, and this reduction in expression was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of mTOR expression, a protein which promotes tumor growth and progression. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that decreasing O-GlcNAcylation altered protein expression, and ultimately influenced the metastatic processes, particulary regarding the invasion and reattached growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Post-translational Modification Regulates Formation and Cargo-Loading of Extracellular Vesicles

“…Despite that O-glycosylation may be crucial in regulating EV cargo selection (29) and potentially serve as biomarkers in cancer patients. Currently, O-glycan sample preparation techniques and MSbased characterization methods are not efficient which make it difficult to study O-glycan in depth (52).…”

Mitochondrial O-GlcNAc Transferase Interacts with and Modifies Many Proteins and Its Up-Regulation Affects Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Energy Homeostasis

“…The gel-free quantitative proteomics coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis allows identifying proteins affected by O-GlcNAc inhibition, which may have important roles in cancer metastasis. Among proteins whose expression was affected by O-GlcNAc changes, proteins involved in cellular metabolism, cellular localization, stress responses, and gene expression were identified [14]. In spite of O-GlcNAc significance in breast cancer cells, the impact of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes on mitochondria function was not yet investigated.…”

Proteomic and Bioinformatic Investigation of Altered Pathways in Neuroglobin-Deficient Breast Cancer Cells

“…Here, we report the quantitative changes in the proteome of ERα-positive human breast cancer cells (namely, the MCF-7 cell line) with the NGB gene knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The MCF-7 cells have been successfully used as a subject in different essential proteomic investigations [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Accordingly, the effect of different treatments (E2, H 2 O 2 , and E2 + H 2 O 2 ) on the proteome of the MCF-7 cell line is reported here.…”