Quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of multi-component fuel/air mixing in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine: Effects of residual exhaust gas on quantitative PLIF

Williams, B. A. O.; Ewart, Paul; Wang, Xiaowei; Stone, Richard; Ma, Hongrui; Walmsley, H.L.; Cracknell, Roger; Stevens, Robert E.; Richardson, David; Fu, Huiyu; Wallace, S.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.06.004

Cited by 55 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…26,27 The turbulence parameters provided for this study were timestep resolved. The complete methodology was validated using an extensive experimental database from an old specification Jaguar Land Rover Ingenium optical engine, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and the thermodynamic SCRE used in this study. Validation results are not presented here for brevity but have been summarised by Kountouriotis.…”

Section: Combustion Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic modelling of a stratified charge spark ignition engine

Smith

Roberts

Kountouriotis

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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Combustion of a charge with spatially and temporally varying equivalence ratio in a spark ignition engine was modelled using the Leeds University Spark Ignition Engine quasi-dimensional thermodynamic code. New sub-models have been integrated into Leeds University Spark Ignition Engine that simulate the effect of burnt gas expansion and turbulent mixing on an initial equivalence ratio distribution. Realistic distribution functions were used to model the radially varying equivalence ratio. The new stratified fuel model was validated against experimental data, showing reasonable agreement for both the pressure trace and percentage heat released. Including the effect of turbulent mixing was found to be important to reproduce the trend in the differences between the stratified and homogeneous simulations.

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Section: Combustion Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic modelling of a stratified charge spark ignition engine

Smith

Roberts

Kountouriotis

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…In order to achieve optimal combustion during the spark ignition operation in the BUSDIG engine, the fuel injection and local fuel-air equivalence ratio (ER) around the spark plug should be controlled to near stoichiometry for stable ignition and faster flame propagation. [10][11][12][13] It has been shown that the fuel stratification can be achieved by a suitable bowl piston shape 14,15 and organized in-cylinder flow motions 16,17 in combination with an appropriate DI strategy. Both the start of injection (SOI) timing [18][19][20][21] and the split DI ratio 10,19,22 play important roles on controlling in-cylinder fuel stratification patterns and the subsequent combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mixture formation process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine

Wang

Zhao

2017

International Journal of Engine Research

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The two-stroke engine has the great potential for aggressive engine downsizing and downspeeding because of its double firing frequency. For a given torque, it is characterized with a lower mean effective pressure and lower peak in-cylinder pressure than a four-stroke counterpart. In order to explore the potential of two-stroke cycle while avoiding the drawbacks of conventional ported two-stroke engines, a novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine was proposed and designed. In order to achieve the stable lean-burn combustion in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the mixture preparation, especially the fuel stratification around the spark plug, should be accurately controlled. As the angled intake scavenge ports produce strong swirl flow motion and complex transfer between the swirl and tumble flows in the two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine, the interaction between the in-cylinder flow motions and the direct injection and its impact on the charge preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine are investigated in this study by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Both the single injection and split injections are applied and their impact on the mixture formation process is investigated. The start of injection timing and split injection ratio are adjusted accordingly to optimize the charge preparation for each injection strategy. The results show that the strong interaction between the fuel injection and in-cylinder flow motions dominates the mixture preparation in the boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine. Compared to the single injection, the split injection shows less impact on the large-scale flow motions. Good fuel stratification around the spark plug was obtained by the late start of injection timings at 300 °CA/320 °CA with an equal amount in each injection. However, when a higher tumble flow motion is produced by the eight scavenge ports’ design, a better fuel charge stratification can be achieved with the later single injection at start of injection of 320 °CA.

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“…study performed by Benajes et al [16] shows that the increase in the directly injected fuel mass has a positive effect on the assistance of the spark in the combustion process for both combustion stability and cycle to cycle control. Williams et al [17] studied the in-cylinder fuel-air mixing distributions in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine using PLIF imaging and indicated the reduced mean equivalence ratio around spark plug would increase the 0-10% mass fraction burned (MFB) duration. The previous studies demonstrated the significant effect of equivalence ratio on flame propagation process.…”

Section: Hui Xie and Bang-quan Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of the Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Conditions in a PFI/GDI Gasoline Engine

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

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INTRODUCTIONControlled Auto-ignition (CAI) combustion has been shown to effectively reduce the NOx emissions and increase fuel efficiency [1] and it has been subject to extensive studies in the past few decades. However, the lack of direct control on the auto-ignition process and relatively narrow operation range inhibit the practical application of this low temperature high efficient combustion mode [2]. In order to enhance the control of auto-ignition and extend the operation range of CAI combustion, spark ignition (SI) was used to assist CAI combustion. In this case, the early flame propagation induced by spark discharge could effectively control the later autoignition [3,4]. In addition, this hybrid combustion mode could be used to bridge pure SI mode and CAI mode during mode transition when applying to the full load operations in the practical engine [2,5,6,7,8]. However, the recent study on the SI-CAI hybrid combustion indicated the existence of significant cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) during mode transition [8, 9, 10, 11].In the SI-CAI hybrid combustion, the flame propagation is mainly controlled by the transport of heat and active species in the flame front and distorted by the in-cylinder turbulence [12]. The variation of the early flame propagation would in turn affect the later auto-ignition process [13]. The premise of controlling and stabling SI-CAI hybrid combustion is to effectively manage the early flame propagation process. The local fuel/air equivalence ratio around the spark plug significantly affects the spark kernel formation and flame propagation process in spark ignition engine. Persson et al. [14] used high speed fuel Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) to study the effect of fuel stratification on spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) with ethanol as fuel. They found the lower fuel concentration in the vicinity of the spark plug decreased the flame expansion speed with the overall lean mixture (lambda 1.4). Middleton et al. [15] investigated the propagation of premixed laminar reaction fronts with different fuel/air equivalence ratios using transient one-dimensional flame simulations and indicated the increased flame burning velocity with the isooctane/air equivalence ratio increasing from 0.1 to 1.0. The experimental Numerical Study of the Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Conditions in a PFI/GDI Gasoline EngineXinyan Wang and Hua Zhao Tianjin Univ., Brunel Univ.Hui Xie and Bang-Quan He Tianjin Univ.ABSTRACT SI-CAI hybrid combustion, also known as spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI), is a promising concept to extend the operating range of CAI (Controlled Auto-Ignition) and achieve the smooth transition between spark ignition (SI) and CAI in the gasoline engine. In order to stabilize the hybrid combustion process, the port fuel injection (PFI) combined with gasoline direct injection (GDI) strategy is proposed in this study to form the in-cylinder fuel stratification to enhance the early flame propagation process and control the auto-...

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Quantitative planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of multi-component fuel/air mixing in a firing gasoline-direct-injection engine: Effects of residual exhaust gas on quantitative PLIF

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Thermodynamic modelling of a stratified charge spark ignition engine

Thermodynamic modelling of a stratified charge spark ignition engine

Analysis of mixture formation process in a two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine

Numerical Study of the Effect of Piston Shapes and Fuel Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Conditions in a PFI/GDI Gasoline Engine

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