Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely lethal type of brain tumor as it frequently develops therapeutic resistance over months of chemotherapy cycles. Hence, there is a critical need to provide relevant biological systems to guide the development of new potent personalized drugs but also efficient methodologies that enable personalized prediction of various therapeutic regimens for enhanced patient prognosis. Towards this goal, we report on the development of i) an appropriate in vitro model that mimics the 3D tumor microenvironment and ii) a companion imaging modality that enables to assess this in vitro model in its entirety. More precisely, we developed an integrated platform of bio-printing in vitro 3D GBM models and mesoscopic imaging to monitor tumor growth and invasion along with long-term drug treatment. The newly-developed in vitro 3D model contains tumor spheroids made of patient-derived glioma stem cells with a fluorescent reporter and vascular channels for drug perfusion. The imaging of these thick tissue constructs was performed using our second-Generation Mesoscopic Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (2GMFMT) imaging system which delivered 3D reconstruction of the fluidic channels and the GBM spheroids over the course of pre-and post-drug treatment (up to 70 days). The 2D measurements collected via 2GMFMT was comparable to existing imaging modalities, but 2GMFMT enabled non-sacrificial volumetric monitoring that provided a unique insgiht into the GBM spheroid growth and drug response. Overall, our integrated platform provides customizable in vitro model systems combined with an efficient long-term non-sacrificial imaging for the volumetric change of tumor mass, thus has a great potential in profoundly affecting the drug pipeline for a vast array of pathologies as well as for guiding personalized therapeutic regimen.
Cell culture and hydrogel preparation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; mCherry-transfected)were cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 in EGM ® -2 Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 (Lonza). Patient-derived glioblastoma multiform (GBM; EGFP-transfected) cells were cultured on laminin-coated tissue culture flask in NeuroCult™ NS-A proliferation media for human (STEMCELL Technologies). Culture media was changed every two days. For the cell seeding on bio-printed channels, HUVECs were harvested using 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA, and then maintained as cell suspensions on ice until ready to be seeded. To create GBM spheroid, 1,000 -5,000 GBM cells were plated into Corning® Spheroid Microplate, then cultured for 7-14 days until the spheroids reach the desired diameter (> 400µm). Collagen hydrogel precursor (3.0 mg/mL; Rat tail, type I; Corning) was used as a main scaffold material for bio-printing. Gelatin from porcine skin (10%; Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a sacrificial material to create fluidic channels.Bio-printing of vascular-GBM model. Two fluidic vascular channels were created on top of printed collagen layers using 10% gelatin as a sacrificial material (Fig. 1 Bio-printing, step 1-2) [8...