Quantitative oxidation of nutrients in growing calves

Abstract

The present paper deals with the possibility of using measurements of CH4 production in growing calves to estimate the amount of CO2 produced by fermentative processes and to calculate the oxidation of nutrients. Twenty bull calves were fed diets with varying proportions of corn grain and forage. The protein and energy metabolism was measured in 118 individual balance trials in the live weight range of 120-350 kg by means of indirect calorimetry and carbon-nitrogen balances. The values of oxidized carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) were directly dependent on the fermentation level. With increasing fermentation, less glucose was absorbed and oxidized as OXCHO, while more carbohydrate was converted to short chain fatty acids and oxidized as OXF.

Replacement of alfalfa hay ( Medicago sativa ) with maralfalfa hay ( Pennisetum sp.) in diets of lactating dairy goats

“…Chwalibog et al (1997) reported that RQnpx lower than 1 indicates predominance of OXF vs. OXCHO, and under positive energy balance, part of the OXF should originate from ingested carbohydrate (mainly fibre) and diet fat content.…”

“…Energy associated with the oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) was calculated by the method of Brouwer (1958) and Chwalibog et al (1997) Then, the HP from oxidation (HPx) was:…”

Nutrient oxidation and lipogenesis in hens

“…Indirect calorimetry based on measurements of gas exchange has been used successfully during the last century in order to estimate energetic values of feedstuffs and animals' requirement for nutrients and energy. Recently, measurements of gas exchange have been used to calculate nutrient oxidation and lipogenesis in the intact body of man , pigs (CHWALIBOG et al 1992;CHWALIBOG and THORBEK 1995), calves (CHWALIBOG et al 1996;CHWALIBOG et al 1997a), mink (TAUSON et al 1997) and rats (CHWALIBOG et al 1998).…”

Application of an open circuit indirect calorimetry system for gaseous exchange measurements in small ruminant nutrition

“…The energy associated with the oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) was calculated by the method of and Chwalibog et al (1997) for ruminants. The CO 2 production from oxidation (CO 2x ) was calculated as CO 2 -(2  CH 4 ), according to Fahey and Berger (1988).…”

“…The HE was determined from measurements of O 2 consumption, CO 2 and CH 4 production, and urine N (Nur), using the equation [16]: The energy associated with the oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) was cal-culated by the method of [17] and [18] for ruminants. The production of volatile fatty acid from carbohydrate fermentation is followed by CO 2 and CH 4 production.…”