Quantitative Organic Microanalysis

Steyermark, Al

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674366701.c6

Cited by 107 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphate (DOP) were analyzed by persulfate wet-oxidation according to Pujo-Pay et al (1997). Particulate organic carbon (POC) was quantified using a model CHN 2400 analyzer (Perkin Elmer 2400, Waltham, MA) following Pregl (1937) and Sharp (1974). Particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and phosphate (POP) were analyzed simultaneously on board according to the wet oxidation procedure of Pujo-Pay and Raimbault (1994).…”

Section: Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are photoheterotrophic prokaryotes able to use both light and organic substrates for energy production. They are widely distributed in coastal and oceanic environments and may contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in the upper ocean. To better understand questions regarding links between the ecology of these photoheterotrophic bacteria and the trophic status of water masses, we examined their horizontal and vertical distribution and the effects of nutrient additions on their growth along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea. Concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl-a) and AAP bacterial abundance decreased from the western to the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea and were linked with concentrations of chlorophyll-a, nutrient and dissolved organic carbon. Inorganic nutrient and glucose additions to surface seawater samples along the oligotrophic gradient revealed that AAP bacteria were nitrogen-and carbon-limited in the ultraoligotrophic eastern basin. The intensity of the Correspondence to: D. Lamy (lamyd2@univie.ac.at) AAP bacterial growth response generally differed from that of the total bacterial growth response. BChl-a quota of AAP bacterial communities was significantly higher in the eastern basin than in the western basin, suggesting that reliance on phototrophy varied along the oligotrophic gradient and that nutrient and/or carbon limitation favors BChl-a synthesis.

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Section: Environmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2011

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“…Nitrogen was estimated by the micro-Kjeldahl method (Pregl, 1945) and phosphorus by a modified Gomori (1942) procedure with a sulphuric acid + hydrogen peroxide mixture as digesting agent.…”

Section: Chemical Analyses Elementary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Fractions from the Culture Supernatant of Escherichia coli O78K80: Free Endotoxin and a Non-Toxic Fraction

Marsh

Crutchley

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe extracellular production of ' free endotoxin ' from Escherichia coli serotype 078K80 is discussed. Isolation of purified toxic and non-toxic fractions from crude extracellular material and the physico-chemical properties of these fractions are described. Purified free endotoxin possessed similar properties to endotoxins extracted from the bacteria by conventional procedures ; a purified non-toxic extracellular fraction corresponded to the so-called ' native hapten '. When dissolved in buffers containing sodium dodecylsulphate, the non-toxic fraction was not disaggregated, but the endotoxin produced sub-units of a smaller particle size than the non-toxic material. From these experiments it was concluded that the non-toxic material did not constitute simple sub-units of endotoxin. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe term ' endotoxin ' describes certain lipopolysaccharides of high molecular weight found in Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Although Shear and his associates (e.g. Shear & Turner, 1943) have isolated tumour-necrotizing substances (endotoxins) from supernatant fluids of cultures of Gram-negative bacteria, most other workers have preferred to extract endotoxins from the bacteria themselves. An exception has been Work and her collaborators (Bishop & Work, 1965, Taylor, Knox & Work, 1966' who found endotoxic lipopolysaccharides in culture supernatant fluids of lysinerequiring mutants of Escherichia coli grown under lysine-limited conditions.The release of large quantities of free endotoxin into the culture supernatant fluids of Gram-negative bacteria, under favourable growth conditions, has recently been described (Crutchley, Marsh & Cameron, 1967a). The present paper will deal with the fractionation of supernatant fluids of cultures of Escherichia coli serotype 078K80 and the subsequent physical and chemical characterization of the fractions ; the accompanying paper (Crutchley et al. 1967 b) will discuss the biological properties of these fractions.Origin of toxicity. charide, was essential for toxicity; but a more recent investigation of endotoxins from rough Salmonella strains led them to suggest more strongly that the lipid moiety ('lipid A') was 'the factor decisive for at least some endotoxic effects' (Liideritz & Westphal, 1966). They also believe that, with respect to endotoxic activity, combined polysaccharide may function only as a solubilizing agent. However, the American school of Landy, Ribi and their associates (Ribi, Haskins, Landy & Milner, 1961a;Fukushi et al. 1964) have generally found very little lipid in their highly toxic fractions from several of the Enterobacteriaceae ; all their lipid extracts, including lipid A, possessed less than 1 % of the biological activity of the parent endotoxins. The balance of their published evidence suggests that a carbohydrate moiety is implicated in the toxicity, although certain other factors may be involved (Ribi, Haskins, Landy & Milner, 1961b).There have also been conflicting reports about the minimal molecular size of the complex required fo...

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“…Typical ranges of concentrations of NH 3 , CO 2 , and H 2 S in wastewaters from solid-fuel conversion processes are shown in % organic compounds (6). The organic compounds can be removed from the sour water by a solvent extraction step.…”

Section: Treatment Of Sour Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of coal gasification condensate waters has been studied extensively by Mohr and King (4,5) and Senetar (6).…”

Section: Coal Gasification Condensate Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part II. Recovery of Ammonia from Sour Waters

Poole¹

1990

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Quantitative Organic Microanalysis

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea

Ecology of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria along an oligotrophic gradient in the Mediterranean Sea

Purification and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Fractions from the Culture Supernatant of Escherichia coli O78K80: Free Endotoxin and a Non-Toxic Fraction

Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part II. Recovery of Ammonia from Sour Waters

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