Quantitative Molecular Analysis of the Microbial Community in Marine Arctic Sediments (Svalbard)

Ravenschlag, Katrin; Sahm, Kerstin; Amann, Rudolf

doi:10.1128/aem.67.1.387-395.2001

Cited by 219 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A variety of parametric and nonparametric methods extrapolate information from observed frequencies of OTUs or species abundance curves to predict the number of different microbial taxa in a local sample (23)(24)(25)(26). Richness estimates of marine microbial communities through comparisons of rRNAs range from a few hundred phylotypes per ml in the water column (19) to as many as 3,000 from marine sediments (27,28). One of the largest water column surveys (1,000 PCR amplicons) described the presence of only 516 unique sequences and estimated occurrence of Ϸ1,600 coexisting ribotypes in a coastal bacterioplankton community (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”

Sogin

Morrison

Huber

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,304

2,787

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The evolution of marine microbes over billions of years predicts that the composition of microbial communities should be much greater than the published estimates of a few thousand distinct kinds of microbes per liter of seawater. By adopting a massively parallel tag sequencing strategy, we show that bacterial communities of deep water masses of the North Atlantic and diffuse flow hydrothermal vents are one to two orders of magnitude more complex than previously reported for any microbial environment. A relatively small number of different populations dominate all samples, but thousands of low-abundance populations account for most of the observed phylogenetic diversity. This ''rare biosphere'' is very ancient and may represent a nearly inexhaustible source of genomic innovation. Members of the rare biosphere are highly divergent from each other and, at different times in earth's history, may have had a profound impact on shaping planetary processes.biodiversity ͉ low abundance ͉ marine ͉ microbes ͉ rarefaction

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”

Sogin

Morrison

Huber

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,304

2,787

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“…The in situ abundance of members of the family Geobacteraceae had been demonstrated for temperate as well as permanently cold marine sediments of the Arctic and Antarctica, as several sequences closely related to strains of the Geobacteraceae had been found in 16S rRNA clone libraries of these sediments (Ravenschlag et al, 1999;Bowman & McCuaig, 2003;Purdy et al, 2003;Mußmann et al, 2005). The isolation of strains 102 T and 112 T from marine sediments from Svalbard suggests that this group of bacteria is present in diverse freshwater and marine environments.…”

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confidence: 98%

Desulfuromonas svalbardensis sp. nov. and Desulfuromusa ferrireducens sp. nov., psychrophilic, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria isolated from Arctic sediments, Svalbard

Vandieken

Mußmann

Niemann

et al. 2006

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Two psychrophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria (strains 112T and 102T) that conserved energy from dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction concomitant with acetate oxidation were isolated from permanently cold Arctic marine sediments. Both strains grew at temperatures down to −2 °C, with respective temperature optima of 14 °C and 14–17 °C for strains 112T and 102T. The isolated strains reduced Fe(III) using common fermentation products such as acetate, lactate, propionate, formate or hydrogen as electron donors, and they also grew with fumarate as the sole substrate. As alternatives to Fe(III), they reduced fumarate, S0 and Mn(IV). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 112T was most closely related to Desulfuromonas acetoxidans (97.0 %) and Desulfuromonas thiophila NZ27T (95.5 %), and strain 102T to Malonomonas rubra Gra Mal 1T (96.3 %) and Desulfuromusa succinoxidans GylacT (95.9 %) within the Deltaproteobacteria. Strains 112T and 102T therefore represent novel species, for which the names Desulfuromonas svalbardensis sp. nov. (type strain 112T=DSM 16958T=JCM 12927T) and Desulfuromusa ferrireducens sp. nov. (type strain 102T=DSM 16956T=JCM 12926T) are proposed.

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“…A high proportion of bacterial production associated with particles has been recorded in several other river-influenced systems, including the estuarine turbidity zones of the St. Lawrence River (Vincent et al 1996) and the Columbia River (Crump & Baross 2000b). Archaea have been detected in marine arctic sediments (Ravenschlag et al 2001), and therefore another potential source of these microorganisms to the water column would be the resuspension of bottom sediments caused by wind-induced mixing or by the coastal upwelling observed during the sampling period. Regardless of the origin of the Archaea on the Mackenzie shelf, our leucine uptake results suggest that particle-based microbial communities, including Archaea, have a controlling influence on heterotrophic activity in this coastal arctic ecosystem.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic community structure and heterotrophic production in a river-influenced coastal arctic ecosystem

Garneau

Vincent²,

Alonso‐Sáez³

et al. 2006

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

130

105

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Spatial patterns in prokaryotic biodiversity and production were assessed in the Mackenzie shelf region of the Beaufort Sea during open-water conditions. The sampling transect extended 350 km northwards, from upstream freshwater sites in the Mackenzie River to coastal and offshore sites, towards the edge of the perennial arctic ice pack. The analyses revealed strong gradients in community structure and prokaryotic cell concentrations, both of which correlated with salinity. Picocyanobacterial abundance was low (10 2 to 10 3 cells ml -1 ), particularly at the offshore stations that were least influenced by the river plume. Analysis by catalyzed reporter deposition for fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) showed that the dominant heterotrophic cell types were β-Proteobacteria at river sites, shifting to dominance by α-Proteobacteria offshore. Cells in the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides and γ-Proteobacteria groups each contributed < 5% of total counts in the river, but >10% of counts in the marine samples. Archaea were detected among the surface-water microbiota, contributing on average 1.3% of the total DAPI counts in marine samples, but 6.0% in turbid coastal and riverine waters. 3 H-leucine uptake rates were significantly higher at 2 stations influenced by the river (1.5 pmol l -1 h -1 ) than at other marine stations or in the river itself (≤0.5 pmol -1 h -1 ). Size-fractionation experiments at 2 coastal sites showed that > 65% of heterotrophic production was associated with particles > 3 µm. These results indicate the importance of particleattached prokaryotes, and imply a broad functional diversity of heterotrophic microbes that likely facilitates breakdown of the heterogeneous dissolved and particulate terrestrial materials discharged into arctic seas. KEY WORDS:Prokaryote diversity · Archaea · Proteobacteria · Cytophaga-FlavobacterBacteroides · Arctic Ocean · Mackenzie River estuary · Picocyanobacteria · CARD-FISH Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 42: [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] 2006 ments (Payette et al. 2004) may mobilize the large stocks of organic carbon contained within their soils and cause increased transfer of these materials to arctic rivers and ultimately to the ocean. Heterotrophic microbiota are likely to play a major role in the response of coastal arctic ecosystems to ongoing change, but prokaryotic diversity and production in these cold ocean environments have been little explored (Amon 2004).In the western Canadian Arctic, the Mackenzie River discharges large quantities of freshwater, solutes and sediments into a vast shelf region of the Beaufort Sea that extends >100 km offshore and encompasses a total area of 63 600 km 2 (Carmack et al. 2004). The annual discharge of the Mackenzie River (330 km 3 yr -1 ; Macdonald et al. 1998) is the 4th highest in the Arctic Basin after the Siberian rivers Yenisei, Lena and Ob, with concomitantly large inputs of freshwater biota, terrestria...

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Quantitative Molecular Analysis of the Microbial Community in Marine Arctic Sediments (Svalbard)

Cited by 219 publications

References 72 publications

Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”

Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored “rare biosphere”

Desulfuromonas svalbardensis sp. nov. and Desulfuromusa ferrireducens sp. nov., psychrophilic, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria isolated from Arctic sediments, Svalbard

Prokaryotic community structure and heterotrophic production in a river-influenced coastal arctic ecosystem

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